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  • General

    One of the more serious situations, which plague the fragile fabric of our interacting society, is adolescent suicide. A diminishing community involvement in a child's life, and the confidence in relationships with peers and adults, adds to the anxiety of growth. As a society we have a propensity of single mindedness toward adolescent behavior patterns attributed to suicide. There are many reasons attributed to this growing trend of coping with their changing world but as we consider the problem, signs of such activity are subtle. As we look at the subtlety and significance of these signs involved with suicide it is difficult for the untrained eye and ear to ascertain. Those who are adept at making the decisions for intervention are parents, teachers, peers, and if visits are frequent, the family physician. A question that is most often asked is what brings a child to the point of committing suicide? One of the factors that heighten the willingness to engage in such an endeavor is stress and lack of clear direction modeled by adults and those in authority or influence in our society. Adolescents raised in prior eras were given a direction for their future with examples that
  • Music

    Telepathy, from the Greek tele, "distant", and patheia, "feeling", is the claimed innate ability of humans and other creatures to communicate information from one mind to another, without the use of extra tools such as speech or body language. Considered a form of extra-sensory perception or anomalous cognition, telepathy is often connected to various paranormal phenomena such as precognition, clairvoyance and empathy. Though many scientific experiments into telepathy have been conducted, including recent ones by respected universities (some claiming significant positive results), telepathy remains controversial and is not widely accepted by scientists. Telepathy is direct transference of thought from one person (sender or agent) to another (receiver or percipient) without using the usual sensory channels of communication, hence a form of extrasensory perception (ESP). While the existence of telepathy has not yet been proved, some parapsychological research studies have produced favorable results using such techniques as card guessing with a special deck of five sets of five cards. The agent may simply think of a random order of the five card symbols while the percipient tries to think of the order on which the agent is concentrating. Telepathy in History Very few anecdotal accounts of telepathy have been noted in many ancient cultures since historical records have been kept. In the Bible, some prophets appear to have the ability to see into the future (precognition, time travel, grid travel). This seems to be a common claim from ancient and primitive people. But the sending and receiving of messages from individual to individual by mind alone is never mentioned at all. As with all psi phenomena, there is wide disagreement and controversy within the sciences, even within parapsychology, as to the existence of telepathy. Western scientific investigation of telepathy is generally recognized as having begun with the initial program or research of the Society for Psychical Research. The apex of their early investigations was the report published in 1886 as the two-volume work Phantasms of the Living. It was with this work that the term "telepathy" was introduced, replacing the earlier term "thought transference". Although much of the initial investigations consisted largely of gathering anecdotal accounts with follow-up investigations, they also conducted experiments with some of those who claimed telepathic abilities. However, their experimental protocols were not very strict by today's standards. In 1917, psychologist John E. Coover from Stanford University conducted a series of telepathy tests involving transmitting/guessing playing cards. His participants were able to guess the identity of cards with overall odds against chance of 160 to 1; however, Coover did not consider the results to be significant enough to report this as a positive result. Perhaps the most well-known telepathy experiments were those of J. B. Rhine and his associates at Duke University, beginning in the 1927 using the distinctive ESP Cards of Karl Zener. These involved more rigorous and systematic experimental protocols than those from the 19th century, used what were assumed to be 'average' participants rather than those who claimed exceptional ability, and used new developments in the field of statistics to evaluate results. Results of these and other experiments were published by Rhine in his popular book Extra Sensory Perception, which popularized the term "ESP". Another influential book about telepathy in its day was Mental Radio, published in 1930 by the Pulitzer prize-winning author Upton Sinclair (with foreword by Albert Einstein). In it Sinclair describes the apparent ability of his wife at times to reproduce sketches made by himself and others, even when separated by several miles, in apparently informal experiments that are reminiscent of some of those to be used by remote viewing researchers in later times. They note in their book that the results could also be explained by more general clairvoyance, and they did some experiments whose results suggested that in fact no sender was necessary, and some drawings could be reproduced precognitively. By the 1960s, many parapsychologists had become dissatisfied with the forced-choice experiments of J. B. Rhine, partly because of boredom on the part of test participants after many repetitions of monotonous card-guessing and refusing the suggestion by magicians of adding cards that were totally blank, partly because of the observed "decline effect" where the accuracy of card guessing would decrease over time for a given participant, which some parapsychologists attributed to this boredom. Some parapsychologists turned to free response experimental formats where the target was not limited to a small finite predetermined set of responses (e.g., Zener cards), but rather could be any sort of picture, drawing, photograph, movie clip, piece of music etc. As a result of surveys of spontaneous psi experiences which reported that more than half of these occurred in the dreaming state, researchers Montaque Ullman and Stanley Krippner at the Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, undertook a series of experiments to test for telepathy in the dream state. A "receiver" participant in a soundproof, electronically shielded room would be monitored while sleeping for EEG patterns and rapid eye movements (REMs) indicating dream state. A "sender" in another room would then attempt to send an image, randomly selected from a pool of images, to the receiver by focusing on the image during the detected dream states. Near the end of each REM period, the receiver would be awakened and asked to describe their dream during that period. The data gathered suggested that sometimes the sent image was incorporated in some way into the content of the receiver's dreams. While the dream telepathy experiments results were interesting, to run such experiments required many resources (time, effort, personnel). Other researchers looked for more streamlined alternatives, such as the so-called ganzfeld experiments. To date there has not yet been any satisfactory experimental protocol designed to distinguish telepathy from other forms of ESP such as clairvoyance.There have been rare claims of shared of visual hallucinations in folie a deux ­ shared psychotic disorder. These are beyond the scope of science at this time. The phenomena cannot be produced or reproduced on demand. Telepathy and Science Telepathy proponents point generally to controversially scientific concepts such as psychology and quantum mechanics, as areas of research that are considered to be deeply based in the scientific method, but have equally problematic and unexplainable links to the exclusively physical description of reality. Quantum Mechanics In seeking a "scientific explanation," some telepathy proponents have claimed there to be connections between scientific quantum theory as a basis for telepathy. Such modern concepts of telepathy have attempted to draw both legitimacy and scientific curiosity, by making both general and specific analogies between the "unaccepted unknowns" of religion and parapsychology, and the "accepted unknowns" in the quantum sciences, where the classical and understood concepts of physics (time and space) don't generally apply. The clear example is in quantum mechanics and its inherently theoretical cousin, string theory. Both have radically changed modern concepts regarding the nature of time, space, energy, and matter, and the relationships between each. In general the concept is that the mind (human or otherwise) is simply evolved physical scaffold for an entity of electrical and quantum impulses. This system, in turn is claimed to have been developed abilities to influencing and receiving "quantum fluctuations" from other minds. In essence, proponents claim that telepathy is not "extrasensory", rather that the brain is the telepathic organ, its connections to other brains are not physical, but psychic, and the very definition of the psychic medium is the localized inertial frame of reference which is affected by the mind. This new and "scientifically-grounded" concept of telepathy provides the context for further speculations. However, physicists and skeptics state that quantum mechanics does not show classical effects until objects are at sub-nanometer scales, and since the physical components of the mind are all much larger, these quantum effects are considered negligible. Proponents counter that the scientific statements carry two flawed assumptions, namely that the experience of telepathy need be a classical effect, and that the mind is sensitive to only classical effects. Some physicists, such as Nick Herbert, have pondered whether or not quantum mechanics' "non-locality" (or "spooky action at a distance") principle would permit instantaneous communication such as telepathy. Experiments have been conducted (by scientists such as Gao Shen at the Institute of Quantum Physics in Beijing, China) to study whether or not quantum entanglements (connections allowing instantaneous information exchange) demonstrated at the level of electrons can also be verified between human minds. Such experiments usually include monitoring for synchronous EEG patterns between two hypothetically "entangled" minds. Technologically-assisted telepathy Some, for example the science-fiction writer Spider Robinson in the book Deathkiller, have envisioned neurological research leading to technologically-assisted telepathy, also called techlepathy. As of 2004, scientists have demonstrated that brain imaging can be successfully used to recognise distinct thought patterns, and tell, for example, whether experimental monkeys thought about juice or water, and whether a human participant thought about a rotating cube or moving his paralyzed arm. Both implanted electrodes recording neurons' activity and outside electrodes recording electromagnetic activity of the brain can be used. Telepathic communication between humans and animals Some people believe that it is possible for humans and animals to communicate through telepathy. In the past, this type of interspecies communication was thought to be a normal part of life, such as in Native American culture. For more information on this subject, see books by Rupert Sheldrake (Dogs who know when their owners are coming home), and professional animal communicators Penelope Smith and Marta Williams. Delusions of telepathy - Schizophrenia can produce delusions that the sufferer is in telepathic communication with others; such delusions include thought broadcasting and thought extraction. Other Facts There is a long tradition of anecdotal evidence for foreseeing the future in dreams and by various devices such as observing the flight of birds or examining the entrails of sacrificial animals. Precognition has been tested with subjects required to predict the future order of cards in a deck about to be shuffled or to foretell results of dice throws, but the statistical support for it has generally been less convincing than that from experiments in telepathy and clairvoyance. Telepathy is instinctual. Primitive species used it as a survival mechanism. It involves mind to mind contact - communication - of one mind with another by means beyond the normal or ordinary - beyond the frequencies of the five physical senses - sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell. No all psychics are telepathic or can read minds. Telepathic abilities are about connecting frequency. It is like turning on a radio and finding the right station. You just have to know how to 'tune in' and the frequency of the program. For a few people this skill comes easy - but on the norm - telepathy is never developed though many people try. Different meditation techniques and learning to focus the mind are the key. The more you practice the better you get. Once you open the door to telepathy - it should work like a light switch. You can turn it off - tune off - or turn it on by focusing your thoughts. Rarely does one find that they are bombarded by the thoughts of others all the time. It would drive you crazy. Human DNA is not activated in a way that makes us natural telepaths - in most cases. We are in the third dimension - the physicalrealms -to experience emotions. Telepathy would make it more complicated than it already is. Of course no one would be able to lieanymore - so perhaps humanity could live in peace - but that is not why we come into the physical. We experience here as if in a Matrix - the Holodeck - a Virtual Reality game - for the drama, the emotions - the thrills and chills - until one day we pause thegame and say, "I am tired of this. I can think 'out of the box' and want those skills returned. Give me back my powers." It is then we go in seek of the tools which are innately ours. Dreams bring telepathic messages as we time ravel or grid travel in our dreams where al exists. These are called precognitive dreams. If they are about the 'world' rather than our personal lives, they are called 'collective dreams'. Deceased souls sometimes bring messages through dreamtime. Communication is by thought form using symbols. In dreams youare moving faster than the speed of light. This is similar to meditation, time travel and remote viewing. You meet up with spirits and share adventures and information. In dreamtime you move faster and higher. As your consciousness returns to the physical body the lower your get to your body - the more it slows down ...slower...and slower... until you enter your consciousness mind and wake up in the sluggish place - we call 3D. it is here that the concept of lineartime exists. You can best understand this by remembering that in your dreams - you move from event to event but time is notmarked. There is no time beyond 3D as frequency of light - and that is all we are - is moving too fast. Remember - the lower and slower the frequency - the less likely to achieve telepathy or other abilities that work in faster light. 3D appears to be as dull as it gets. Lovers definitely are more in tuned telepathically as being in love at that level is a very high frequency. This is not just about sex - though it is an aspect of it. Sexual activity is often telepathic in that one is responding to the needs of their partner on a higher level of expression. Telepathy between members of the same family - or close friends is common as they learn to adjust to each other's frequencies. There always seem to be one member of every family - usually a woman - who has psychic or telepathic abilities. Mother's sense when children are in trouble. When you are in panic mode - the adrenaline flows and the telepathy kicks in to those would tune in to help you. I woman could receive messages from her unborn child, often through dreams, but also telepathically. People often sense the death of a family member. These make the most dramatic stories - heightened tension, nick-of-time rescues. However, keep in mind that telepathic situations may be happening all the time, but we lack the awareness to recognize them. In times of crisis we sent out our message and those who are in tune will pick it up. Twins are often telepathic with each other creating these abilities when they are infants. they generally are in the same frequency at the same time and learn to communicate with words. very often it is just about a single thought - hunger. Telepathy between twins or family members can remain for a life time.
  • Movies

    * The Drum & Bass Arena - News, chat, new releases and reviews. * Back To The Old Skool - '88 to '98 old skool style breakbeat, jungle, drum and bass, hardcore and rave. * BBC Radio 1 - Fabio & Grooverider - The online home of the national drum and bass show. * BBC 1Xtra - D&B Section - Drum and bass information and audio from the UK's national urban music station. * Chemical Records - Secure online store specializing in drum and bass updated every 15 minutes - audio of all tracks, charts and DJ sets. * Clubarena.com - News, scene reports, visuals, radio, discussion and record reviews. * Colorado Drum & Bass Network - Promoting local Colorado drum and bass DJs and producers. * Dembro - Spreading the drum and bass gospel from Salzburg, Austria. * DnBForum.com - One of the biggest drum and bass forums on the internet. * Dogs On Acid - Online drum and bass forum also featuring: dubplates, news, release information. * drumandbass.ch - Based in Switzerland and focusing on the events and DJs of the area. * Exitmusik - Portal and forum based in Singapore. * Forward Bound - Dedicated to atmospheric drum and bass. Particularly the Good Looking stable, Atlantiq, Seba and Blu Mar Ten. * Global Darkness - Netherlands based DJ collective - features pictures, audio and a collection of drum and bass related articles * Irish Drum and Bass - The latest news, interviews, top 7 lists, MP3s and event listings. * ItsTooLoud - Radio, reviews, links, tour dates and worldwide drum and bass gig listings. * Jungle Scene - Community with audio and lots of forums. * Jungle Techno - Reviews and pictures from raves in the UK. Hardcore, oldskool and drum and bass scene. * Kontra - Sarajevo drum and bass scene. * Northwest D&B - Focusing on the Pacific North-West Scene. DJ, MC, and producer profiles and event information. * Oldskool Hardcore and Rave - Oldskool hardcore in effect. Charts, images, albums, events, toytown techno, 12"s, polls, links. * Oldskool Madness - Old-skool audio archive, mix tapes and Monday Madness radio audio for download. * Portsmouth Uni. DnB Society - News, reviews, information and related sites. * Pukka Dawn - Huge collection of rave mixtapes for trading across all genres of dance music. * Rolldabeats - Online discography database with information on labels, artists and releases. * Scottish Drum and Bass - Guide to the drum and bass scene in Scotland. Includes listings, music downloads and forum. * Teknotik - Realaudio archive of classic oldskool tunes plus mixes and original MP3s available. ...............................................djdubsnatcher @ SMTV@37.com
  • Television

    Cobain was "obsessed with Anton LaVey" (Mojo Magazine, Sept. 1999, p. 86). Anton LaVey was the founder of the Church of Satan and the author of the Satanic Bible. So obsessed was Cobain with Satanist Anton LaVey that he sought to enlist LaVey by having him play cello on Nirvana's Nevermind album!" -SOURCE Nirvana is considered by many to be the most influential band of the 1990’s. With their multi-platinum success, they rocked their generation in more ways than one. First with their music and finally with the suicide of their leader, Kurt Cobain. In 1994, Rolling Stone magazine named Nirvana “artist of the year.” Rolling Stone would also classify Nirvana’s Teen Spirit as the “grunge national anthem” (Kurt Cobain: The Rolling Stone Interview, By David Fricke, January 27, 1994). Spin magazine classified Nirvana at the very top of the “ten that mattered most” bands in the decade of 1985-1995. Chuck Crisafulli declares that, “It was Teen Spirit that rescued rock ‘n’ roll” (Chuck Chrisfulli, Teen Spirit, Simon & Schuster, p. 6, 1966). The author of a biography written about the life of Kurt Cobain, the notorious leader and singer/guitarist for the group, declares regarding Nirvana’s album Nevermind: “Nevermind will be a contender for the album of the decade…Nevermind dragged alternative rock into the mainstream virtually overnight, one man stood aloof from the outpouring of praise compared by The Times to Beatlemania” (Christopher Sandford, Kurt Cobain, Carroll & Graff Publishers, Inc., New York, 1997, pp. 206-207). Like Beatlemania in the 60’s, Nirvana-mania had struck like an atom bomb upon the music scene of the 90’s in both Europe and the United States, mostly owing to the creative spirit of Kurt Cobain. Cobain is described as the “prince of grunge and unwitting mouthpiece for a generation,” and the one responsible for “inventing what became the grunge lifestyle” (Ibid. p16, 54). We believe there is evidence that demonstrates that it was more than Kurt Cobain that influenced the masses of youth in the 90’s to adopt the grunge/alternative lifestyle. One does not have to look very deeply into the life of Kurt Cobain to see that the spirit that inspired him was not the Sprit of God. Let the reader be forewarned, examining the life of Kurt Cobain is like lifting the lid off of a cesspool. Amidst all of the glamour and fame that is associated with being a rock “star,” Cobain’s life was filled with utter hopelessness and despair. Cobain the Devil Worshipper As a true member of the lonely-hearts club band, Cobain’s powerful sense of rejection from his childhood would feed his insatiable desire to be accepted. Cobain has been described as “rather a sickly, underdeveloped figure of a young man who got picked on a lot” (Nick Kent, The Dark Stuff, Ca Capo Press, New York, 1994, p. 341). So strong was Cobain’s desire to be respected and accepted, that Cobain would sell his soul to the Devil for the price of fame. For starters, Kurt Cobain made no qualms about who he was serving when he made it known publicly that his stated goal was to “get stoned and worship Satan” (op. cit. Sandford, p. 42). Cobain’s worship of Satan manifested itself in a multiplicity of ways. Cobain, like other Satanists, also had a penchant for the desecration of churches. Cobain, with his bass player Chris Novoselic, spray-painted “GOD IS GAY” on a church building (Ibid. pp. 57, 165). Cobain, according to Rolling Stone, would also spray-paint “HOMO SEXUAL SEX RULES” on a bank. Rolling Stone further reported that Other favorite graffiti included “GOD IS GAY” and “ABORT CHRIST” (Rolling Stone, Inside the Heart & Mind of Nirvana, by Michael Azerrad, April 16, 1992). Beyond spray-painting blasphemous statements about God on a church, Cobain would take song lyrics he was dissatisfied with and set them on “fire and leave [them] burning on the porch of the Open Bible Church” (op. cit. Cobain, Sandford, p.68). Beyond this, Sandford writes: “It was after the destruction of not only a wooden notice-board but an expensive crucifix and other artifacts that the police called at East 2nd with the suggestion that Cobain’s presence in Aberdeen would be more sparingly required in the future.“ (Ibid.) Cobain “decorated” his apartment as he explained, “with baby dolls hanging by their necks with blood all over them” (Ibid. p. 54). Rolling Stone would further report that “Cobain made a satanic-looking doll and hung it from a noose in his window” (Rolling Stone, Inside the Heart & Mind of Nirvana, by Michael Azzerad, April 16, 1992). The fact that Cobain was considered some kind of national or even international hero well illustrates the wicked depths of depravity to which the human heart has sunk. While Cobain may have influenced some for evil through graffiti on churches, it was through his music that millions of people would be influenced by the satanic beings that used him like a pawn in a much bigger game. Cobain’s involvement in black magic and witchcraft would escalate to the point that Cobain would begin casting spells in an effort to see his will done (op. cit. Sandford, p. 172). Cobain’s interest in the occult would eventually lead him into a relationship with occultist William Burroughs. Stephen Davis, the biographer of the Led Zeppelin saga “Hammer of the Gods”, compares Burroughs to Satanist Aleister Crowley, stating: “Like Crowley, Burroughs was an urbane and genial human Lucifer, a modern magus, a legendary addict, and an artist whose influence extended far beyond literature to music, painting and film.” (Stephen Davis, Hammer of the Gods, Ballantine Books, New York, 1985, p. 237). Burroughs also associated with Zeppelin’s Jimmy Page and, ironically, it was Burroughs who first christened hard rock with the label “Heavy Metal” (Ibid. p. 104). Burroughs claimed that he first became demon possessed after killing his wife. Cobain would seek out Burroughs’ services seeking his collaboration on a music project (Op. Cit. Sandford, p. 255). In a Rolling Stone interview, Cobain would later underscore as one of the highlights of his life that of “Meeting William Burroughs and doing a record with him” (Kurt Cobain: The Rolling Stone Interview, By David Fricke, January 27, 1994). Such was Burroughs’ influence on Cobain that, “William S. Burroughs received ‘special thanks’ on In Utero for being a cherished inspiration to Cobain (op. cit. Teen Spirit, Chuck Crisafulli, p. 84). Besides William Burroughs, Cobain was "obsessed with Anton LaVey" (Mojo Magazine, Sept. 1999, p. 86). Anton LaVey was the founder of the Church of Satan and the author of the Satanic Bible. So obsessed was Cobain with Satanist Anton LaVey that he sought to enlist LaVey by having him play cello on Nirvana's Nevermind album! Cobain’s involvement in witchcraft and Satanism is a fitting explanation as to the source of his inspiration and the uncanny ability he had for coming up with alluring and seductive hooks that so frantically enticed Nirvana’s fans. Cobain is described as “stumbling on melodies by means he himself didn’t fully understand.” (op. cit. Sanders, p. 70). In the occult, this is referred to as automatic writing is a process wherein a demonic being channels poetry or lyrics through a human being in an effort to negatively effect society. This is surely what took place through Cobain, the willing and twisted medium for satanic forces. Even the legendary guitarist Chuck Berry would exclaim, “he had a touch most guitarists would kill for” (Ibid., p. 71). While “kill for” might be a stretch, sell one’s soul for is far more fitting. Cobain the Drug Addict Cobain’s infatuation with Burroughs probably transcended that of his occult involvement and was in part due to Burroughs notoriety as an addict. Cobain had a special love for drugs. Heroin was one of his drugs of choice. BAM magazine noted that not only would Cobain nod off in “mid-sentence,” but also “the pinned pupils, sunken cheeks, and scabbed, sallow skin suggest something more serious than fatigue” (op. cit. Azzerad, Rolling Stone, p. 34 ). Sadly, if Cobain hadn’t ended his life with a shotgun blast to the head, it would have most likely still ended with a heroin overdose. After his death, the toxicology report confirmed that: “along with traces of Valium, there were 1.52 milligrams of the drug [heroin] in his blood, three times the normal fatal dose” (op. cit. Sandford p. 10). Nick Kent claimed that those “strangely undiagnosable” stomach “Problems” that Cobain claimed to experience were “almost certainly” a result of Cobain’s years of drug abuse: “… the years he spent punishing his intestines with all manner of cheesy pain pills washed down with most disgusting codeine—infected cough medicines available almost certainly provided the direct reason why his poor old guts ached so viscously” (Nick Kent, The Dark Stuff, DA Capo Press, New York, 1994, p. 341). To support his drug habits, it has been alleged that Cobain “sold to the deadbeats on Heron Street, or at least engaged in a drugs-for sex traffic in order to support his habits” (op. cit. Sandford, p. 51). Cobain the Homosexual Cobain himself admitted, “I’m definitely gay in spirit”, as well as “I probably could be bisexual,” and admitted to a close friend that “he’d had sex with three or four men’ (Ibid. pp.268-269). His widow, Courtney Love, indicated that his homosexual escapades went well beyond that of three or four men when she claimed that he'd “made out with half the guys in Seattle” (Ibid. p. 359). Cobain would utilize his fame as a platform to showcase his perversity and influence others thereby. Not only would he publicly French kiss his bass player on Saturday night live, but he would also publicly display his perverted penchant for cross-dressing. Cobain carried with him perverted pornographic pictures of women in various poses with animals and displayed behavior that is too deviant and grotesque for this writer to further describe. Cobain’s Murderous Heart and the Occult Cobain had an enormous ego, even for a rock “star”. Sanford in his biography stated: “Anyone in the performing arts is prone to the accusation of egotism and vanity, but when it comes to Cobain the stench overpowers anything that has gone before." (Ibid. p. 15). While Cobain at times expressed discomfort with all the fame he had achieved, Nick Kent stated: “I mean, this guy was planning on being a rock star from age two…He always professed to hate all the attention with which fame presented him, yet the first thing he did upon going platinum was to marry Courtney Love, a young women who wantonly draws attention to herself like a magnet sucks up tiny ball bearings.” (op. cit. Kent, p. 341). Such was the enormity of Cobain’s ego that he would lash out at those sources that would question him. Cobain wanted to murder a female journalist named Lynn Hirschberg who wrote of his wife unfavorably in Vanity Fair when calling into question her alleged use of cocaine while pregnant. Cobain breathed murderous threats: “I’m going to kill this women with my bare hands. I’m going to stab her to death. First I’m going to take her dog and slit its guts out in front of her and then [expletive deleted] all over her and stab her to death.” (op. cit. Sandford., p. 172) Cobain would not end up killing Hirschberg with his “bare hands”, but would continue to nurse his murderous hatred toward her until the end of his life. In fact, rather than killing her with his “bare hands”, Cobain sought to do her in by enlisting the forces of Satan to do his bidding by utilizing his black magic. Sandford explains: “At the very end of his life, Cobain was engaged in elaborate calculations, with the aid of a book on magic numbers, to determine a formula to ‘hex the [expletive deleted]’ (Ibid. p. 172). Cobain the Hater Cobain’s murderous thoughts went far beyond that of murdering Lynn Hirschberg, but extended to his wife. At one point he had to be persuaded not to kill Courtney Love (Ibid. p. 249). Cobain also had a fierce hatred for humanity in general. The Word of God tells us that Satan is a murderer and was such from the beginning. Cobain, like his father the devil, held such a deep-seated hatred for humanity that he declared “ninety-nine per cent of humanity could be shot if it was up to me”, he maintained that only “one or two people” were worth saving (Ibid. p. 257). In his suicide note found after his own self-murder, he wrote, “I’ve become hateful toward all humans in general” (Ibid. p. 333). Cobain would demonstrate this hatred toward even many of his fans with both spitting upon them at concerts, as well as derogatory comments. Cobain, though, did little harm to his fans through spitting and occasional comment. The real harm came as he led so many of them down the same path of self-destruction that he had chosen and exhibited in himself. Whether it was his utter perversity on stage or the hopelessness and despair he communicated through his music, the damage he did is incalculable and will only be understood in its totality on judgement day when he stands before the Almighty God and gives an account for his life. Cobain’s philosophy was truly Crowleyan: “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law.” Sandford, one of his biographers, states that “Cobain lacked anything resembling an ethical centre” (Ibid. p. 237). In the spirit of Crowley, Cobain rejected biblical moral absolutes and rejected the authority of God over his life and established Satan as his ultimate authority. Satan factored in because it was through Satanism that Cobain could have the success he so craved. Cobain’s alliance with wicked spiritual forces directed at the very people he hated may have paid great dividends in his mind. On one hand he was able to experience the acceptance he craved for so long, albeit artificial, and on the other Cobain was able to unleash powerful destructive forces through his music upon the very human race he so hated. Cobain was pivotal in further undermining any residue of moral foundation that was left in many of those who were initiated into his style of music. Sandford points out that Nirvana used their music as a tool of “subversion of traditional values”: “Nirvana and the new fauna of Seattle rock shared a number of attitudes and taste, including a form of exoticism centered on punk, a public display of apathy, a disinterest in work, the cult of feminism, and the subversion of traditional values via music” (Ibid. pp. 104-105). Even Cobain’s posturing as some kind of feminist was betrayed by his lack of sensitivity and the utter brutish way he treated women. One woman describing her experience with Cobain stated: “Kurt rammed his hand hard between my legs. It was terrifying…He was panting like a dog, and there was a froth of spit around his lips. I yelled at him to stop and he laughed at me. With one hand he backed me up against the wall and the other he pushed into me. If [the other couple] hadn’t come back when they did, he would have raped me.” (Ibid. p. 90). This same woman goes on to state that, “as far as I’m concerned, all the stories about Kurt-the-feminist are a sick joke. He hated women. No one who does what he did has a right to any respect” (Ibid. p. 91). Such reports of his demeaning attitude and brutal treatment of women are not isolated, but numerous. Cobain was a devilishly wicked person who would often even torment his other band members. Many of those who knew Cobain claimed that there was something incredibly evil about him that would sometimes manifest physically. One of his peers who attended school with Cobain explained that there was, “a kind of menace about him. When he gave you that blinkered look, it was straight out of the exorcist or one of those Satanic-worship films.’’ (Ibid. p. 23). Press Association reporter Graham Wright has stated that “Kurt went from Dr. Jekyl to Mr. Hyde in the space of a minute.” (Ibid. p. 246). This kind of manifestation should have not been shocking, but expected from Cobain, who himself admitted as documented earlier that he had set out to “worship Satan.” One of his band members describes him as one who could be transformed from a ball of indifference to a “little Hitler” in an instant. Yet another described entertaining him as, “like living with the devil” (Ibid. p. 53). That all of Cobain’s antics were not simply a charade, but truly part of a sad tragedy that was his life is evident from the fact that sometimes these demonic manifestations would end in tears and even suicide attempts. Bruce Pavitt, co-owner of Sub Pop Records (Nirvana’s early label), stated that in Rome during a concert Cobain nearly committed suicide on stage: “After four or five songs, he quit playing and climbed up the speaker column and was going to jump off. The bouncers were freaking out, and everybody was just begging him to come down. And he was saying, ‘No, no, I’m just going to dive.’ He had really reached his limit. People literally saw a guy wig out in front of them who could break his neck if he didn’t get it together” (op. cit. Rolling Stone, Azzerad, April 16th 1992). Sandford further describes this rather bizarre incident wherein Cobain became like an animal on stage: “For a quarter of an hour Cobain clambered through the rafters, clawed the curtains, swung from a chandelier and ape like, prattled at the crowd. According to Azerrad, ‘He wound up backstage, where someone from the venue was arguing with their tour manager over whether Kurt had broken some microphones. Kurt grabbed both mikes, flung them to the ground, and began stomping on them. ‘now they’re broken,’ he said. Then Cobain announced he was leaving the group, ‘shrieked like a beast’ at Channing, and burst into tears” (op. cit. Sandford, p. 134). His widow, after his suicide, would state that “Kurt had a lot of personal inner [expletive deleted] demons, a lot of frailties and physical ailments.” Sandford would state in his biography, “He was a diffident, yet aggressive personality who struggled with demons that drove and tormented him” (Ibid. p. 97). The sad irony is that the demonic forces he had opened his life up to more and more in his pursuit for fame and success were the very demonic forces that would later inspire him to take his own life. Goldberg claims that “Kurt saw innumerable Doctors and therapists” (Cobain, A Rolling Stone Press Book, 1994, p. 87). No amount of secular psychologizing could exorcise the demonic forces. Had Cobain not been a rock “star” he probably would have long ago been committed to a mental institution. Being the commodity that he was for his record label, he was used by them, as he was by the devil himself. This, though, was a two way street as Cobain profited from both the devil and his record company, or so he thought. Perhaps Cobain was deceived into believing that the only way he could escape the demonic world that so tormented him was by blowing his brains out. Sadly, though, perhaps the only one he hated more than humanity itself was God, and he was not about to turn to the Lord. Cobain had a supreme hatred for all authority, especially that of God’s. This was demonstrated at the beginning of this article. The Destiny of the Damned Many would view it as a sad irony that the leader of a band called Nirvana would end his life with a horrific suicide. But as Gina Arnold, author of Route 666: The Roads to Nirvana, admitted, “People talk about Kurt Cobain’s wonderful sense of irony. There isn’t any irony.” I would take it a step further and say there never was any Nirvana. Nirvana was never really heaven in the first place. Nirvana is the Hindu name for heaven. It is a counterfeit heaven designed to bind people to the millions of Hindu demon gods which are worshipped in India to this very day. Cobain and his music had its share of eastern influences. From beguiling eastern melodies to Cobain’s references in interviews to karma, reincarnation, etc. Even as these illusionary concepts have cursed India and zapped the very life out of hundreds of millions of Hindus through the centuries, Cobain, like so many of the rock “stars” before him, continued to introduce these concepts to the Western world. Truly, there is no irony. Cobain’s concept of Nirvana from the get go was actually a hell. Crisafulli comments on Cobain’s concept of Nirvana in his song “Paper Cuts”, “The subject seems to sing that he has found his “nirvana” and is in a contented state in a place where all needs are met and there are no outside worries. But to any outside observer, the subject has simply gone insane in a filthy, one room prison” (op. Cit., Crisfulli, Teen Spirit, p. 23). Although the subject of Cobain’s song had no choice as to his or her condition (the song was partly based on children who were tormented and confined to a closet), Cobain chose to live a hellish Christ rejecting existence filled with drugs, hatred, vandalism, blasphemy and devil worship. Cobain was only too aware that his life was only a Hindu Nirvana, an illusion after all. This perhaps more than anything else contributed to his state of utter emptiness and the far away look of hopelessness and despair that was only too evident in his eyes and on his face. A face he would soon blow off with a shotgun blast to escape the person he’d become. This too was not ironic, you see, the concept of Nirvana includes the termination of existence. Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary submits this definition of Nirvana: “1. In Hinduism, a blowing out, or extinction, of the flame of life; reunion with Brama.” (Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary, p. 1214) Cobain simply wanted to “Cease to Exist”, to use the title of a Charles Manson tune which the Beach Boys decided to put on an album. This was part of the New Age teaching which was imported to the West by so many of the rock bands since the 60’s. While so many of them have promised enlightenment and a New Age, the gig is up, the fruit of such teaching has only led to destruction and eternal damnation. Even as Cobain saw Nirvana as a living hell on earth, he must have understood that the spiritual concept had to do with the termination of existence. Cobain’s Nirvana was no path to eternal bliss or even absolute cessation of existence, but a road that leads through the very gates of hell. For, as Christ taught, man is only able to destroy the body, but God is able to destroy the body and soul in Hell (Matthew 10). If the truth be known, Cobain only wanted to be a rock “star”, he declared “I would prefer to be in a coma and just be woken up and wheeled out on stage and play and then put back in my own little world” (Azzerad, Come As You Are). Cobain claimed that he had no interest in “simple pleasures” and “inane things” that people discuss and would “rather just be asleep” (op. cit. Kent, 342). Cobain, the leader of the Grunge movement, would sit down to write his suicide note in his home, wherein unlike prior times nobody would be around to coax him out of it. He addressed the suicide note to “Boddah”, his invisible “friend” (op. cit. Sanders, p. 328). One of the reasons it seems that he committed suicide was that the devil was no longer delivering the goods in regard to musical inspiration. In his suicide note he would write, “I haven’t felt the excitement of listening to as well as creating music, along with really writing, for too many years now.” Sandford has stated, “In his suicide note, Cobain despaired that his muse had flown south…” (Ibid. p. 361). This has been Satan’s Modus Operandi from the beginning and certainly through the history of Rock ‘n’ Roll. Satan seeks out those lonely hearts who are seeking fame, recognition, acceptance, affluence, power, or all of the above and uses such a one to his own perverse glory and then spits them and discards them for eternity. God, through his Holy Word, has demonstrated to us that demonic beings are often associated with the instigation of suicide. After Satan had possessed Judas and used him to betray Christ, Judas was only left with despair and his new found fortune only became a reminder as to the magnitude of his betrayal. Judas ended up hanging himself and falling headlong to the ground wherein his bowels gushed out. Wicked King Saul was also possessed by an “evil spirit” and he was incredibly tormented. Saul also ended up committing suicide. We see in the gospels that Satan not only sought unsuccessfully to get Jesus to commit suicide, but Jesus delivered a young man with an evil spirit that was inspiring the young man to throw himself in the fire to destroy himself. Satan not only inspires suicides, but self-mutilation. The false prophets of Baal were inspired by their demon gods on Mount Carmel to repeatedly cut themselves until the evil spirits would respond to their spells. But as in the case with Cobain, there came a time when they no longer did and the false prophets were left powerless in performing their evil deeds. Now they had to face God. The Lord God responded by consuming every last one of them with fire. Jesus also delivered a demoniac at the tombs of the Gaderenes. This man was also inspired by the demons that possessed him to repeatedly cut himself. After Jesus delivered the demoniac of the Gaderenes at the tombs, the legion of demonic spirits drove a herd of pigs to their death by drowning them in the sea after plunging them off a cliff. Satan hates all of humanity, including those who foolishly become his slaves. Thankfully, Jesus Christ delivered this man by casting the evil spirits out of him and restoring him to a sound mind. Sadly, Cobain would not accept Christ’s deliverance from his deep seated satanic bondage. As we can see, Satan has been on the scene inspiring self-mutilation and suicide long before Cobain, Iggy Pop, The Sex Pistols or Marilyn Manson came upon the scene. Sadly, it just so happens that through mass media and rock music, Satan has been able to inspire millions of impressionable young people to the same destructive ends. Satan also understands that he often gets more mileage out of a dead rock “star” than a living one by indelibly leaving his mark on an era. Jimi Hendrix, who admitted demon possession, also was deceived by the satanic lie that it is better to burn out than to fade away. Hendrix said before his premature death, “It’s funny the way most people love the dead…Once you’re dead you are made for life.” Cobain’s decision to “Abort Christ” and “worship Satan” resulted in temporary success, but now rings eternally hollow compared to the bigger picture. Cobain’s life was less than a blip of time relative to eternity. Now Cobain has to pay the Piper. Worse, Cobain must face the eternal wrath of God who will not be mocked (Gal 6:8). Cobain was aware how dramatically his life had paralleled another left-handed guitarist from Seattle, Jimi Hendrix. Hendrix, like Cobain, died at the age of 27. Cobain must have felt his death was unstoppable, that there was no way out, and his time was up. While the demonic forces Cobain had aligned himself with were no longer giving him the powerful musical hooks which became his stock and trade and brought the masses of teeny-boppers to worship at his feet as a god, they were only too happy now to finish him off. Cobain was definitely tormented. Sandford imagined the scene just before the suicide: “a millionaire drug addict sitting alone in his room confronted by the demons and vestiges of his youth, and no way to exorcise them but with a gun” (Ibid. p. 11). Cobain’s suicide is not only explicable by factors of his own admission, like a sense of desperation due to lack of musical inspiration, but other sinister factors as well. Cobain’s suicide was a result of dying by the very sword he wielded so irresponsibly in his lyrics. Cobain often glamorized and exposed young impressionable minds to the idea of suicide through his music. Cobain would write a song on his last album called, “I Hate Myself and I Want to Die.” On his album In Utero, Cobain would sing, “look on the bright side is suicide.” Cobain would also sing, “Monkey see monkey do/I don’t know why I’d rather be dead than cool” (“Stay Away”). The same demonic forces that inspired Cobain to take his life channeled lyrics through him to encourage impressionable and depressed youth to take their lives as well. In Cobain’s suicide note, Cobain would echo the sentiments of another rock “star”, Neil Young, stating, “so remember—it’s better to burn out than to fade away.” Are we so blind as to claim that lyrics do not influence fans? In this case, a rock star died after penning lyrics glorifying early death by another rock star. The first song Cobain would learn on guitar was Back in Black by the overtly satanic AC/DC. Cobain would end his life and career with words from Into the Black by Neil Young. Sadly, after Cobain's suicide, many would remember Cobain’s words. Just as he wrote, “Monkey see monkey do/ I don’t know why I’d rather be dead than cool”, a rash of copycat suicides followed as the youth he had long deceived followed in his foot steps. Nirvana fan Daniel Casper, upon returning from Cobain’s vigil, ended his life with a bullet to the head. Another 16-year-old fan locked herself in her room, and while she listened to Nirvana’s music, put a bullet into her head. Sadly, such examples could be multiplied. Andy Rooney, formerly of 60 Minutes, said succinctly, “When the spokesman for his generation blows his head off, what is the generation supposed to think?”(Andy Rooney, 60 Minutes, April, 1994). Donna Gaines admits in Cobain, a book produced by the editors of Rolling Stone: “Teenage suicide was a virtually nonexistent category before 1960, but between 1950 and 1980 it nearly tripled. While America as a whole became less suicidal during the 1980s, people under 30 became dramatically more suicidal. While adolescents have the more frequent attempts of suicide – an estimated 400,000 a year – the actual rates of suicide are actually higher once people enter there 20’s” (op. cit. Cobain, A Rolling Stone Press Book, 1994, p. 128). Rolling Stone should get a clue, or at least admit the obvious. Suicide rates began to soar with the advent of Rock Music in the 50’s and 60’s. It is no coincidence that while suicide among older people dropped slightly in the 80’s, it soared astronomically in the 80’s among younger people who had immersed themselves in heavy metal bands and/or punk rock bands which extolled the demonic virtues of self-murder. The evidence is starring Rolling Stone in the face. In fact, the title of this section of their book on Cobain is called, Suicidal Tendencies, taken from the name of a once popular punk rock band of the same name. Yet Rolling Stone has built their fortune on their promotion of many of the very groups who have inspired God only knows how many thousands of suicides. Cobain allowed the very demonic spirits that were tormenting him to influence the masses through him as a medium. One commentator wrote, “this is just a sad little tale about a guy who never felt good about being alive, who channeled that screaming unease into a remarkable body of rock ‘n’ roll performances, and who then ended it all by shooting his face off” (op. cit. Kent. P. 343). Cobain lamented in his suicide note that he was turning into a “miserable, self-destructive death rocker.” Not only this, Cobain also “expressed his terror that Frances Bean’s [his daughter] life would turn out like his own” (op. cit. Cobain, A Rolling Stone Book, p. 86). Prayerfully she will not, but Cobain’s suicide was certainly not the example to leave her if this was his fear. Certainly the words, “so remember it’s better to burn out than to fade away” were unconscionable and inexcusable if he was concerned about how his legacy would effect his daughter. What about all the millions of sons and daughters of other parents who because of him and other rock “stars” have to endure watching their children grow up into Cobain’s evil image? Cobain, if he had any conscience left, must have despaired as to the reprehensible damage and satanic influence he had on his fans. While drugs and sleep can allow one to escape the pangs of conscience for a small season, death only brings the conscience into full focus as every mouth will be stopped before God and will give an account for our lives. Like so many rock “stars” before him, Cobain ended what was already ending and was the culmination of a life hell bent on destruction. One fan trying to make sense of what seems so senseless to those who are in the dark regarding spiritual reality stated, “It makes you wonder if our icons are genetically programmed to self destruct in their late twenties” (op. cit. Sandford, p. 338). Cobain’s mother, Wendy O’Connor was a little closer to the truth when she lamented, “Now he’s gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club” (Newsweek magazine, April 18, 1994). The “stupid club”, as Cobain’s mother refers to it, is in reference to Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison and other dead rock “stars” who died at the early age of 27. Even the Luciferean, William Burroughs, would declare that Cobain “let down his family” and “demoralized the fans” (op. cit. Sandford, p. 338). Burroughs would further state: “The thing I remember about him is the deathly grey complexion of his cheeks. It wasn’t an act of the will for Kurt to kill himself. As far as I was concerned, he was already dead.” (Ibid) Sadly, his fans were deceived from the get go, they were actually worshipping the living dead and, as much as they were influenced or glorified Kurt Cobain to that selfsame degree, they sped up the very atrophied of their own demise. Sadly, Christ’s words concerning Judas Iscariot, who like Cobain committed suicide after betraying him, are a fitting epitaph for Kurt Cobain -- “It would have been better that he was never born.” But that declaration would be fitting for everyone who rejects the sovereign of the universe and stands before Him for eternal judgement and perishes in a Christless eternity in the lake of fire. If you have been influenced by the depressing music of Kurt Cobain or other so-called rock-stars of his ilk, I would encourage the reader to realize that the same satanic forces that inspired his damnation are using the music they channeled through him to get you to give up on life. Jesus warned: “The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.” (John 10:10) Jesus came to give you eternal life. He died for your sins so that you would not have to go to hell. He rose on the third day and through His gospel defeated Satan who had the power of death. Jesus now has the keys of death and hell. Kurt Cobain sang about the “lake of fire” and said it would be like the fourth of July. This is a lie. God’s word describes it as unending torment where the wrath of God is justly poured out on the wicked that have died in rebellion against Him. The lake of fire is the eternal residence of all those who refuse to turn to Jesus and have their names entered into the book of life: “Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. Earth and sky fled from his presence, and there was no place for them. And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the books. The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each person was judged according to what he had done. Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. If anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.” (Revelation 20:11-15) If you are not following Jesus Christ, you are against Christ and on your way to the lake of fire. Jesus said: “He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not gather with me scatters.” (Matthew 12:30) The Scriptures declare that those who go to the lake of fire have no rest day and night forever and ever! Friend, Kurt Cobain also sang that Jesus didn’t want him as a sunbeam. The truth is that Jesus does not will that any go to hell, but desires that you would embrace His knock upon your heart and let Him in. He wills to save you, but will not save you against your will: “Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with him, and he with me.” (Revelation 3:20) "We were doing witchcraft, trying to make witchcraft music." -- Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, quoted in Nick Kent's The Dark Stuff (pg.27.) "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers..." -Ephesians 6:12 The Devil's Music
  • Books

    Afro Hip hop in Nigeria dates back to the late eighties and early nineties. Groups and solo artists during that period include the likes of Junior & Pretty, Daniel 'Danny' Wilson, Plantashun Boyz, Remedies with members Eedris Abdulkareem, Eddy Remedy & Tony Tetuila. The late 90s and the early years of the new millennium saw an outburst of artists and groups like Eldee da Don of Trybesmen, Naeto C of W.F.A, JJC and the 419 squad and P-Square (the duo of Peter & Paul Okoye) became a part of mainstream Nigerian music after the collapse of pop trends like Yo-pop. The availability of computers and cheap music editing software in the late 1990s and the 2000s enabled Nigerian musicians to achieve higher quality recordings which quickly won over the Nigerian audience. Just as Nigeria's Nollywood movies have done with Western movies, Nigerian hip hop has begun to displace Western popular music. Hip-Hop World" Magazine, based in Nigeria, is a prominent publication that has helped fashion the orientation of hip-hop culture in Nigeria and across the continent. African Beatz, Blast and Bubbles magazines are other similar major Nigerian hip hop publications. Other notable Nigerian Hip hop artists include Modenine, TySu, Chris Akinyemi, B-One, Terry tha Rapman, O.D, Junkies, Six-Foot Plus, M.I, Naeto C, Ruggedman, Styl-Plus, eLDee, Duncan Mighty, African Kings, Blak Jesus, Whiteboy Pee, Sauce Kid, Ikechukwu of W.F.A, Mastaplan (MP), Kraft, Pherousheouz, Freestyle, Ill Bliss, Elajoe, Sasha, B.o.u.q.u.i, Tony Merlot, Jesse Jeggs, A2 BrothazZ (Afro-Asian BrothazZ). More recently the Nigerian hip hop industry has witnessed a wave of new artists which include Weird M.C, Jazzman Olofin, Baba Dee, The Mo' Hits crew, Tannaz Records Family, C TySu, B-one, Faze, 9ice, Blaise, Chemistry, Lord of Ajasa, Skuki, Darey, Mojizzle & P.i. da MP3. Some American Hip hop artists have included and been influenced by Nigerian music. For example on an episode of the radio show “The Let Out,” there was a “Nigerian Gangsta Remix” of the Jay-Z song “Roc Boyz” which features Fela Kuti, one of the most influential Nigerian musicians of all time. [13] Nigeria has grown over the years to become the 'seat' of Hip hop in the African continent.[citation needed] Contributors to this 'success' includes the producers ID Cabasa, OJB Jezreel, Paul 'Play' Dairo, Don Jazzy, Ugly Beatz, Y.E.M.I., Puffy T, Cobhams Asuquo, Terry G, Big Lo. Yinka Jolaolu creates hardcore vibe with name GMPY. [edit] Rwanda Hip hop spread to Rwanda, in the early to mid-1980s. The most prominent figure in the early Rwandan scene was DJ Berry (Nsabimana Abdul Aziz), who was a DJ for Kigali Night and Cosmos and a presenter for Radio Rwanda, in addition to being an early rapper and breakdancer. The Hutu government of the period did not approve of hip hop, however, and DJ Berry was forced into exile in Goma, Zaire, where he continued performing. He later moved on to Germany and recorded "Hey You", which became a hit on both Rwandan and Ugandan radio. After returning to Africa in 1990, Berry continued to promote hip hop in Rwanda until his death from AIDS in 1996. By the mid-1990s, hip hop was growing increasingly popular in Rwanda, due to the introduction of 101 FM Kigali and TVR in 1995, and American and French rappers like Tupac Shakur and MC Solaar became popular. The first locally-recorded Rwandan hip hop hit was "Peaced Up" by KP Robinson ft Mc Monday Assoumani. This was promoted by DJ Alex of Radio Rwanda from 1997. The song inspired many youths around Kigali to begin recording.[citation needed] [edit] Senegal Main article: Senegalese hip hop Daara J live in Berlin Senegal has one of the most active hip hop scenes on the continent, and has produced international stars like MC Solaar. US hip hop became popular in Senegal in the early 1980s, and a few MCs began rapping. During this period, many Senegalese rappers were copying American performers quite closely. One often-cited reason for the prominence of Senegalese hip hop is the ancient musical and oral traditions of that country, which include some practices, like griots and tassou, which are similar to rapping. It was not until later in the decade that a more distinctive Senegalese sound began evolving, along with the use of Wolof lyrics. The 1990s saw a division in the Senegalese scene, with some artists remaining underground, associated with the American alternative hip hop scene, while others, like Black Mboolo ("Alal"), fused hip hop with Senegalese mbalax style, (this is called mbalax rap or rap ragga soul), which uses the sabar drums. The most prominent performers from the modern period include Positive Black Soul, Daara J, Gokh-Bi System and Akon. Others include M.C. Solaar, Black Face, Didier Awadi, Wagëblë and Negrissim. Records labels that specialise in the genre include Nomadic Wax among others. [edit] Somalia Main article: Somali hip hop One of the most internationally renowned Somali rappers is Canada-based K'naan (real name Kanaan Warsame). The award-winning artist is a rapper and a poet with three albums The Dusty Foot Philosopher (on BMG Music), The Dusty Foot on the Road (on Wrasse Records) and Troubadour (on A&M/OctoScope Music) [edit] South Africa Although the history of hip hop in Cape Town can be tracked back to the early 1980s, cultural exchange between the Black United States, the West Indies, and Black South Africa was widespread since the 1800s. Black South African artists were influenced by minstrelsy and swing to bebop and beyond, which was partly in response to British imperialism.[14][15] The political history of Africa plays a predominant role in South African music. In the early 1800s was discovered in Johannesburg, and people from different tribes began to migrate to the Johannesburg area. As a result of the rich diversity of various South African tribes, traditional music of South Africa mixed with European music led to the development of a different sound. The musical and social movement of hip hop in South Africa has grown exponentially in the last two decades, most notoriously in the form of home-grown Kwaito, which is actually a distinct musical genre in itself. Much of hip hop and Kwaito in South Africa is derived from western beats and tunes mixed with localized rhythms and accents. Lyrically, South African hip hop is largely reliant on the political landscape from which the country has only recently emerged. If the explicit mention of Apartheid is not offered, lyrics will often revolve around the residue of the political system; such as the prevalence of HIV and AIDS, violence in the major cities, and what it means to be South African. On the other hand, Kwaito has been seen as more devoted to "positive imagery", taking listeners away from the harsher realities of township life, where it originated. Currently, South African hip hop is beginning to diverge and acquire its own musical style. As individual provinces are developing their own styles of hip hop. As much as hip hop has grown in South Africa it is still in its infancy in terms of recognition and artists rarely sell well. Differences in styles and approaches to the art have led to the South African market being split into sectors, for example: Cape Town has long been termed South African hip hops birthground with its more politically charged and socially conscious artists. Tracing its origins in South Africa, the youth embraced hip hop and its' culture from the United States including its break dancing and graffiti aspects.[16] These styles of expression were the predecessors to involvement in the music, due to the high cost and difficulty in finding music. Economic and political sanctions made finding American music extremely difficult. U.S. hip hop albums were seldom imported, but rather sent by relatives outside the country.[17] The audience was not totally approving however. Many were not happy with the links US hip hop had to the "structures that were largely responsible for the devastating conditions in the Third World countries."[14] The young people took hip hop and its anger, passion, and style in order to express themselves. They localized the music to express culture, frustration, and hope in order to tell their own stories.[16] The older population used that anger and passion to pass messages against the occurring apartheid, and also to connect with the youth. The music was perfect for the time because it was able to take the language of the underprivileged, parade it, and make it attractive to the point where people took pride in their "style" of music.[14] Some South African hip hop artists include; Ben Sharpa, Prophets of Da City, 2 and a Half Secondz, Zola, Pro Kid, Trusenz, Proverb and RASHID. Afrolution are one of the pioneers of African Hip hop online and run African Hip Hop TV. One of South Africa's oldest hip hop portals AfricasGateway were instrumental in laying the foundations for South African hip hop culture to grow.Menzi Zama sings hardcore kwaito with 1million fan across the world!! [edit] Tanzania Main article: Tanzanian hip hop [edit] Togo Main article: Togolese hip hop [edit] Uganda Uganda’s hip hop scene began in the early to mid-1990s, especially among university students at Makerere University and elsewhere. The Bataka Squad, formed in the early 1990s are the originators of the Lugaflow style, using the native Luganda language. Other formative groups on the Ugandan hip hop scene in the early 90s include Young Vibrations, MC Afrik, DJ Berry, and Kaddo. Club Pulsations in Kampala was a hotspot for Ugandan hip hop in the 90s. In recent years groups such as Klear Kut, Milestone, Chain Thought Reaction and many more have emerged. In 2002 Klear Kut were nominated for the Kora All Africa Music Awards in the “Most Promising African Group” and “Revelation of the Year” categories. In 2003 Geoffrey Ekongot, Saba Saba aka Krazy Native, of the Bataka Squad, Francis Agaba, the late Paul Mwandha of Musicuganda.com, and Xenson formed the Uganda Hip Hop Foundation. In 2003, the Foundation hosted the first Ugandan Hip Hop Summit and concert at Club Sabrina's in Kampala. It was so successful that they have hosted it every year for the past four years. In 2005 the [www.bavubukaallstarz.com Bavubuka All Starz] was formed under the leadership of Silas aka Babaluku of the Bataka Squad, with the mission of bringing hip hop music and community together to address social causes. [edit] Zambia In previous years what has been considered hip hop in Zambia, has been 'local rhythms' artists using the local language, .i.e. nyanja and bemba. More recently a new breed of emcees has risen blending US-style hip-hop with their own style. Some of the popular rappers in Zambia include C.R.I.$.I.$, Conscious and Takondwa Nkonjera -- who happened to be Zambia's representative in Big Brother Africa 3. In 2005, C.R.I.$.I.$ released his debut album 'Officer in Charge' his album debuted at number 13 and peaked at number 8 on the local sales charts in Zambia. Takondwa released his debut album 'Dyonko' in 2006, he is considered one of Zambia's more controversial rappers. Conscious released his debut titled 'A.S.H Risen' (A Soldier Has Risen) in early 2008, a fourteen track set with production from Mind Blowa, Peabody and C.R.I.$.I.$. Other notable MCs and crews include C-4, Mr.Switcher, The Holstar, Diamond Chain, 2we-1ne, Al Kani, Pitch Black, Dope G, Krytic, Thugga, Thugchuld, J-Rox, Abena and Dj Drex. Also in 2005, another group began releasing music. 2-Raw Entertainment, formed by SyPhon, grouped together artists from Luanshya and Ndola. Toxiq, CKB, J-Pain, and Tony II Toz all have released material and some have had gained some radio play. Toxiq released "Sincerely Yours" in 2007, being the most successful Zambian hip-hop album to date. All albums are produced in-house, by SyPhon. In 2007 The Hip Hop Foundation of Zambia was formed, a registered arts and culture organization. The organization was formed and registered under the Zambia Association of Musicians as a group member. ZAM is registered under the National Arts Council. The organization was established to provide a platform for hip hop music and culture for its various stakeholders in Zambia, as well as spearhead the development of the industry and address issues of social development and specifically those affecting young people through the use of hip hop.
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    Suicide rates in those aged 10-19 in the UK declined by 28% in the seven year period from 1997-2003, shows a study published today in The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. The study, carried out by researchers at The University of Manchester, showed that the decline was particularly marked in young males, where rates declined by 35%. Despite the decline, however, suicide remains more common among young males than young females. For every one adolescent female (aged 15-19 years) who commits suicide in the UK, there are three adolescent males, the study revealed. The research, which was carried out as part of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, showed that there were 1,722 adolescent and juvenile deaths by suicide in the UK between 1997 and 2003, which represents 4% of all suicides in that time period. The majority of young people were aged 15-19 (93% of the sample), and overall, the most common methods of suicide were hanging, followed by self-poisoning. “Between 1997 and 2003, we found that suicide rates fell significantly, although we can only speculate on what factors may have contributed to the decline,” said Dr Kirsten Windfuhr, from the Centre for Suicide Prevention at The University of Manchester. “Although changes to antidepressant prescribing may have been one factor contributing to changing suicide rates, it is likely that a combination of factors, both clinical and socio-economic, will have contributed to the decrease in suicide rates. Suicide is a rare event, and is, thankfully, rarer still among children and adolescents. However, it is still one of the leading causes of death among young people and continued monitoring of recent suicide trends is important.” Over the seven year period, only 14% of young people who committed suicide were in contact with mental health services in the year prior to their death, compared to 26% in adults. Again, there was a marked difference between males and females, with 20% of young females in contact with mental health services compared to only 12% of young males. “The low rate of service contact in young males is particularly interesting. Young men currently have the highest rates of suicide in the UK, and yet they are least likely to seek help,” said Dr Windfuhr. “Further research is needed to identify the specific risk factors associated with young suicide, and a multi-agency approach including health, social and education services may be the most effective strategy for preventing suicide in young people. In particular, research should be focused on the barriers which prevent young males from seeking help.” Ends

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41.-the use of drugs like magic mushrooms and heroin is forbidden,& as to the nature of the origins to these choices in recreational society socailizing our question is real,even though heroin is man made,and the mushrooms grow naterally in the soil in the ground,the reason for these narcotics being forbidden,is because in our culture of most societys on earth in general terms always lead to trouble,and there for play an important part for in all nations today, and nines times of ten guess it involves crime and is thief of the mind,{?+|_<:_3 <>*^:No country is as identified with vampires as Romania. A land of rich folklore concerning vampires, its reputation was really established Bram Stoker whose novel Dracula began and ended in Transylvania. Though at the time Transylvania was a part of Hungary , it is now a part of Romania. Recent scholarship has confirmed that one of the sources from which Stoker created Dracula was Vlad the Impaler, a fifteenth-century prince of Wallachia, a section of modern Romania that lies south of the Carpathian Mountains. Stoker derived much of his knowledge of Transylvania, where he located Castle Dracula, from Emily Gerard's The Land Beyond the Forest (1888). Gerard was a Scottish woman who had married a Polish officer serving the Austrian army. As a brigade commander, he was stationed in Transylvania in the 1880s. The couple resided in Sibiu and Brasov. In describing the several supernatural entities encountered in her research on practices surrounding death, she wrote: More decidedly evil is the nosferatu, or vampire, in which every Roumanian peasant believes as firmly as he does in heaven or hell. There are two sorts of vampires, living and dead. The living vampire is generally the illegitimate offspring of two illegitimate persons; but even a flawless pedigree will not insure any one against the intrusion of a vampire into the family vault, since every person killed by a nosferatu becomes likewise a vampire after death, and will continue to suck the blood of other innocent persons till the spirit has been exorcised by opening the grave of the suspected person, and either driving a stake through the corpse, or else firing a pistol- shot into the coffin. To walk smoking around the grave on each anniversary of the death is also supposed to be effective in confining the vampire. In very obstinate cases of vampirism it is recommended to cut off the head, and replace it in the coffin with the mouth filled with garlic, or to extract the heart and burn it, strewing its ashes over the grave. (p. 185) Romanian concepts concerning the vampire are strongly related to folk beliefs of the Slavic vampire in general, though the Romanians, in spite of being largely surrounded by Slavic peoples are not themselves Slavic. Romanians locate their origins in ancient Dacia, a Roman province that emerged in Transylvania and the surrounding territories after Trajan's capture of the land in the second century A.D. He also brought in thousands of colonists in the sparsely settled area. As the colonists and the indigenous people intermarried, a new ethnic community was born. This new community spoke a form of Latin-the basis for modern Romanian. Their subsequent history, especially over the next century is a matter of great controversy between Romanians and their neighbors, a controversy difficult to resolve due to the paucity of archeological evidence. Following the abandonment of the territory at the end of the third century, Transylvania became the target of various invaders, including the early Slavic tribes. In the seventh-century it was absorbed into the Bulgar Empire. Though some Romanians had become Christians as early as the fourth century, the systematic conversion of the land began in the ninth-century soon after the conversion of the Bulgarians under the brothers Cyril and Methodius. The Romanian church eventually aligned itself to Eastern Orthodoxy under Bulgarian episcopal authority. At the end of the tenth century, the Magyars (present-day Hungarians) included Transylvania in their expanding kingdom. The Hungarians were Roman Catholics, and they imposed their faith in the newly conquered land. They also encouraged immigration by, among others, the Szekleys , a branch of Magyars, and Germans. During the thirteenth century, seizing upon a moment of weakened Hungarian authority in Transylvania, a number of Romanian Transylvanians migrated eastward and southward over the Carpathian Mountains found the kingdoms of Moldavia and Wallachia. An Eastern Orthodox bishop was established a century later in Wallachia. From that time to the present day, Transylvania would be an item of contention between Hungary and Wallachia (which grew into the present-day Romania). Ecclesiastically, both Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox would compete for the faith of the people. No sooner had Wallachia and Moldavia been established than a new force arose in the area. The Ottoman Empire expanded into the Balkans and began the steady march across the peninsula that would carry it to the very gates of Vienna in the early sixteenth century. During the fourteenth-century Hungary and the Turks vied for hegemony in Wallachia, thus providing a context for a prince of Wallachia by the name of Vlad to travel to the court of the Emperor Sigismund where he would join the Order of the Dragon, pledged to defend Christian lands against the invading Muslims. The Wallachian prince would become known as Vlad Dracul (1390?-1447). He in turn would be succeeded by his son, Vlad the Impaler (1431?-1476), known as Dracula. Vlad the Impaler is remembered today in Romania as a great patriot and a key person in the development of the Romanian nation. After Vlad's death, Wallachia fell increasingly under Turkish hegemony, and Moldavia soon followed suit. Through the 1530s the Turkish army moved through Transylvania to conquer the Hungarian capital in 1541. The remainder of the Hungarian land fell under the control of the Austrian Hapsburg empire. The incorporation of the Romanian kingdoms into the Turkish empire allowed a degree of religious freedom, and Protestantism made a number of inroads, particularly in Transylvania. Contemporary scholars have emphasized that none of the vampire legends from Romania or the surrounding countries portray Vlad the Impaler as a vampire. In the German and some Slavic manuscripts, Vlad's cruelty and his identification as Dracula and devil was emphasized, however, Dracula as a vampire was a modern literary creation. In the seventeenth century, the Hapsburgs began to drive the Ottomans from Europe, and by the end of the century assumed dominance of Transylvania and began to impose a Roman Catholic establishment. Transylvania remained a semiautonomous region until 1863 when it was formally unified with Hungary. For over a century Moldavia survived amid Russians, Greeks, and Turks, each fighting for control until a united Romania came into existence in 1861. Through a series of annexations at the beginning and end of World War I, including that of Transylvania in 1920, Romania, in roughly its present size, came into existence. The Romanian majority exists side-by-side with a significant Hungarian minority in Transylvania, and the Romanian Orthodox Church competes with a strong Roman Catholic and persistent Protestant presence. The Vampire in Romania: The Romanian vampire, in spite of the distinct ethnic origin of the Romanians, is a variation of the Slavic vampire. However, like the vampire in each of the other Slavic regions, the vampire in Romania has acquired some distinguishing elements. That distinctiveness begins with the major term used to label vampires, as found by Harry Senn in his field work in the 1970s. Strigoi (female, strigoaica) is closely related to the Romanian word striga (a witch), which in turn was derived from the Latin strix, the word for a screech owl that was extended to refer to a demon that attacked children at night. A second term, moroi (female, moroaica), also spelled murony in older sources, seems to be the common term in Wallachia, as strigoi is in Transylvania. The Romanians also distinguish between the strigoi vii (plural, strigoi), or live vampire, and the strigoi mort (plural, stigoi morti), or dead vampire. The strigoi vii are witches who are destined to become vampires after death and who can send out their souls and/or bodies at night to cavort with the strigoi mort. The live vampires tend to merge in thought with the striga (witches), who have the power to send their spirits and bodies to meet at night with other witches. The dead vampires are, of course, the reanimated bodies of the dead who return to life to disturb and suck the blood of their family, livestock, and-if unchecked-their neighbors. The strigoi mort was a variation of the Slavic vampire, although the Romanians were not Slavs and used a Latin word to designate their vampire. The strigoi was discovered by an unusual occurrence either at their birth or death, and a living strigoi was a person who was born with either a caul or a little tail. A strigoi vii may become a strigoi mort, as well as other people who died irregularly by suicide or an accident. Romanians also use the term vircolac, but almost exclusively to describe the old mythological wolflike creature who devoured the sun and moon. The closely related terms pricolici or tricolici were also wolves. Virolac is a variation of the Greek vrykolakas or the Serbo-Croatian vukodlak. Agnes Murgoci, who worked in Romania in the 1920s, found that they still connected the term with its pre-vampiric mythological meaning of a creature who devours the sun and moon. At times when the moon appears reddish, it was believed to be the blood of the vircolac flowing over the moon's face. More definitive work was pursued by Harry Senn in Transylvania in the 1970s. He found that popular use of the vircolac distinguished it from the strigoi. The term vircolac described a person who periodically changed into one of several animals, usually a pig, dog, or wolf. As such it was much closer to the popular concept of werewolves than vampires. Nosferatu is an archaic Old Slavonic term apparently derived from nosufuratu, from the Greek nosophoros, "plague carrier." From the religious context, the word passed into popular usage. It has been variously and mistakenly cited as a Romanian word meaning either "undead" (Wolf) or the devil (Senn). Through the twentieth-century it seems to have dropped from use in Romania. Stoker's use of the term derived from Gerard. It was used by Freidrich Wilhelm Murnau in his attempt to disguise his movie, Nosferatu Eine Symphonie des Gareuns from Dracula. He tied the story to the great plague that hit Bremen, Germany , in 1838. In Romania the vampire was believed to come into existence first and foremost as the product of an irregular birth, and any number of conditions have been reported that could predispose a person to become a vampire. Children born out of wedlock, born with a caul, or who died before baptism could become vampires. Pregnant women who did not eat salt or who have allowed themselves to be gazed upon by a vampire could bear a vampiric child. The seventh child of the same sex in one family was likely to have a tail and become a vampire. Though children with an irregular birth were the prime candidates of vampirism, anyone could become a vampire if bitten by one. Other potential vampires included people who led wicked lives (including men who swore falsely), witches (who had relations with the devil), a corpse over whom a cat had jumped, or a person who committed suicide. The presence of vampires was usually first noticed when several unexpected deaths in a family and/or of livestock followed the death of either a family member or of someone suspected of being a vampire. The vampire might, on occasion, appear to the family, and female vampires were known to return to their children. The home of a suspected vampire often was disturbed by the its' activity, either in throwing things around (poltergeist) or getting into the food supplies. The vampire would first attack the family and its livestock and then move on to others in the village. If not destroyed it might move on to more distant villages and even other countries, where it could reassume a normal role in society. Vampires were especially active on the eve of St. George's Day (either April 23 or May 5), the day witches and vampires gathered at the edge of the villages to plan their nefarious activities for the next year. Villagers would take special precautions to ward off the influences of supernatural beings on that evening. Stoker's character Jonathan Harker made the last leg of his journey and finally arrived at Dracula's Castle on St. George's Eve. Vampires and witches were also active on St. Andrew's Day. St. Andrew was the patron of wolves and the donor of garlic. In many areas of Romania, vampires were believed to become most active on St. Andrew's Eve, continued to be active through the winter, and ceased their period of activity at Epiphany (in January), Easter, or St. George's Day. St. George's Day was and is celebrated throughout much of Europe on April 23, hence the Eve of St. George's would be the evening of April 22. St. Andrew's day is November 11, and the eve immediately precedes it. Romania which was on the old Julian Calendar, was 12 days behind the modern Gregorian calendar. Thus in Stoker's day, St. George's Day would have been celebrated in Romania on what was the evening of May 4-5 in western Europe. Likewise, St. Andrew's Eve would have been the evening of November 23-24. The lag time between the Julian and our Gregorian calendar increases one day every century. The grave of a suspected vampire would be examined for telltale signs. Often a small hole would be found in the ground near the tombstone, a hole by which the vampire could enter and leave the coffin. If there was reason to believe someone was a vampire, the grave was opened. Those opening the coffin would expect to find the corpse red in the face. Often the face would be turned downward and fresh blood on it or, on occasion, corn meal. One foot might have retracted into a corner of the coffin. Senn reported that a vampire in the community could be detected by distributing garlic at church and watching to see who did not eat. It was the common practice of Romanians to open the graves of the deceased three years after the death of a child, four or five years after the death of a young person and seven years after an adult's death. Normally, only a skeleton would be found, which would be washed and returned to the grave. If, however, the body had not decayed, it was treated as if it were a vampire. There were a wide variety of precautions that could be taken to prevent a person either from becoming a vampire or doing any damage if they did become one. A caul might be removed from the face of a newborn and quickly destroyed before it was eaten. Careful and exacting preparation of the body of the recently dead also prevented their becoming a vampire. The thorny branch of the wild rose might be placed in the tomb. Garlic was also very useful in driving away vampires. On St. Andrew's and St. George's Eve, the windows (and other openings of the house) were anointed with garlic, and the cows would be given a garlic rubdown. Once the vampire was in the tomb, distaffs might be driven into the ground above the grave upon which the vampire would impale itself if it were to rise. On the anniversary of the death of a suspected vampire, the family walked around the grave. Once a vampire began an attack on the community and its identity was discerned, the vampire had to be destroyed. Emily Gerard, author of The Land Beyond the Forest, found the emergence of a relatively new tradition in nineteenth-century reports in which a vampire might be killed by firing a bullet into the coffin The preferred method, however, was to drive a stake into the body, followed by decapitation, and the placing of garlic in the mouth prior to reburial. This method was adopted by Stoker in Dracula as a means of destroying the vampiric nature that had taken over Lucy Westenra's body. In Romania, the staking could be done with various materials, including iron or wood, and the stake was impaled either in the heart or the navel. Instead of decapitation, the body could also be turned face downward and reversed in the coffin. Millet seeds might be placed in the coffin to delay the vampire, who must first go through a lengthy process of eating the millet before rising from the grave. An even more thorough process might be followed in the case of a vampire resistant to other preventive measures. The body might be taken from the grave to the woods and dismembered. First, the heart and liver were removed, and then piece by piece the body was burned. The ashes could then be mixed with water and given to afflicted family members as a curative for the vampire's attack.-=X []////<>*-/here is nothing under its three forms.it is not,yet informeth all things.-now cometh the glory of the single one,as an imperfection and protection.-/but by the weak one the mother was equilibrated.also the purity was divided by strenth,the force of the demiurge.and the cross was formalted in the universe that as yet was not.-/but now the imperfection bcame manifest,presiding over the fading of perfection.-/also the women arose,and veiled the upper heaven with her body of starsnow then a giant arose,of terrible strenth,and asserted the spirit in a secret rite-/./-against him the brothers of the mleft-hand path,confusing the symbols.they concealed thier horror{in this symbol} ;for in truth they were-=..../;',.the masters of the flamed forth as a star and set a guard of water in every abyss./x Optical Communications in Space - Twenty Years of ESA Effort H.P. Lutz Instrument Technology Division, ESA Technical and Operational Support Directorate, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands In summer 1977, ESA placed the first technological study contract in the domain of intersatellite optical links. Now, twenty years later, a major milestone has been reached with the SILEX laser terminals having been flight tested for integration with their host spacecraft. At the same time,in spacemen3 tv catastraphy,an Introduction,into the journey in hand,1976. Twenty years ago, in summer 1977, ESA placed a technological research contract for the assessment of modulators for high-data- rate laser links in space. This marked the beginning of a long and sustained ESA involvement in space optical communications. A large number of study contracts and preparatory hardware development followed, conducted under various ESA R&D and support technology programmes. In the mid- 1980's, ESA took an ambitious step by embarking on the SILEX (Semiconductor laser Intersatellite Link Experiment) programme, to demonstrate a pre-operational optical link in space. SILEX, which will be in operation in the year 2000, has put ESA in a world-leading position in civilian optical intersatellite links. While SILEX formed the backbone of ESA's optical communications activities in the recent past, additional R&D activities were undertaken to develop attractive second-generation systems, particularly for the commercial satellite market. Indeed, at the turn of the century, literally thousands of intersatellite links - radio-frequency (RF) and optical - are expected to be in operation in commercial multi-satellite constellations providing mobile communications, video conferencing and multimedia services. The race is on for the European laser communication industry to enter this lucrative market. Optical technology offers too many advantages in terms of mass, power, system flexibility and cost, to leave the field entirely to RF. With the heritage of twenty years of technological preparation, European industry is well positioned to face this burgeoning demand for commercial laser terminals. The early days When ESA started to consider optics for intersatellite communications, virtually no component technology was available to support space system development. The available laser sources were rather bulky and primarily laboratory devices. ESA selected the CO2 gas laser for its initial work. This laser was the most efficient and reliable laser available at the time and Europe had a considerable background in CO2 laser technology for industrial applications. ESA undertook a detailed design study of a CO2 laser communication terminal and proceeded with the breadboarding of all critical subsystems which were integrated and tested in a complete laboratory breadboard transceiver model (Fig. 1). model of CO2 Figure 1. Laboratory breadboard model of CO2 laser transceiver system This laboratory system breadboarding enabled ESA to get acquainted with the intricacies of coherent, free-space optical communication. However, it soon became evident that the 10 micron CO2 laser was not the winning technology for use in space because of weight, lifetime and operational problems. Towards the end of the 1970's, semiconductor diode lasers operating at room temperature became available, providing a very promising transmitter source for optical intersatellite links. In 1980, therefore, ESA placed the first studies to explore the potential of using this new device for intersatellite links. At the same time, the French national space agency, CNES, started to look into a laser-diode-based optical data-relay system called Pastel. This line of development was consequently followed and resulted in the decision, in 1985, to embark on the SILEX pre-operational, in-orbit optical link experiment. The SILEX Phase A and B studies were conducted around 1985, followed by technology breadboarding and predevelopment of the main critical elements which were tested on the so-called 'System Test Bed' to verify the feasibility of SILEX. A detailed design phase was carried out in parallel with the System Test Bed activities up to July 1989. At that time, the development of SPOT-4 Phase C/D was agreed with an optical terminal as passenger. This was an important decision since it made a suitable partner satellite available for the ESA data-relay satellite project; the stage was therefore set to start the main SILEX development effort in October 1989. In March 1997, a major milestone was reached in the SILEX programme: both terminals underwent a stringent environmental test programme and are now ready for integration with their host spacecraft. However, due to the agreed SPOT-4 and Artemis launch dates, it is likely that the in-orbit demonstration of the overall system will not start before mid-2000. Consequently, the GEO terminal will need to be stored after the completion of the spacecraft testing. The first host spacecraft (SPOT-4) is planned for launch in February 1998. The launch of Artemis on a Japanese H2A is delayed for non-technical reasons until February 2000. Apart from launching Artemis, Japan is participating in the SILEX programme with its own laser terminal, LUCE (Laser Utilizing Communications Equipment), to be carried onboard the Japanese OICETS satellite (Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engin-eering Test Satellite), set for launch in summer 2000. Optical ground station on Tenerife As part of the SILEX in-orbit check-out programme, ESA started to construct an optical ground station on the Canary Islands in 1993 (Fig. 2). This station, which will be completed by the end of 1997, simulates a LEO optical terminal using a 1 m telescope, allowing the performances of the GEO optical terminal on Artemis to be verified. The optical ground station will receive and evaluate the data transmitted from Artemis and will simultaneously transmit data at optical wavelengths towards Artemis. In addition to its primary objective as the SILEX in-orbit check-out facility, the optical ground station will also be used for space-debris tracking, lidar monitoring of the atmosphere and astronomical observations. SILEX/Artemis Optical ground station Figure 2. SILEX/Artemis Optical Ground Station on Tenerife, Canary Islands Towards smaller optical user terminals SILEX has been a vital developmental step for Europe since it will provide inflight testing of a pre-operational optical link in space. The programme has stimulated the development of many new space-qualified optical, electronic and mechanical equipment items and technologies which can now form a core for future optical terminals. However, with its mass of 157 kg and electrical power consumption of 150 W, SILEX is hardly an attractive alternative to an RF terminal of comparable transmission capability. One must bear in mind that the SILEX terminal had to be dimensioned using the limited laser diode power available at the end of the 1980's, namely 60mW average power at 830 nm. The result was a 25 cm telescope aperture, both on the LEO and the GEO terminal (Fig. 3). Indeed, for reasons of design and equipment commonality, it was decided to have identical LEO and GEO terminals to save on overall programme cost. The large telescope diameter obviously puts very stringent requirements on the pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) subsystem and related components. SILEX laser terminal Figure 3. SILEX laser terminal For an Inter-Orbit Link (IOL) user terminal to be attractive, it is important to keep mass, interface requirements to the host spacecraft and cost to a minimum. Realising this, and anticipating the need for small data-relay LEO user terminals, ESA launched a programme in January 1992 for the development and manufacturing of an elegant breadboard of a Small Optical User Terminal (SOUT). Working outside the SILEX programmatic constraints, the SOUT programme no longer had to consider identical LEO and GEO terminals but could concentrate on developing a truly asymmetric system using a smaller LEO transmitter with reduced constraints on the spacecraft. The SOUT terminal was specified for a data rate of 2 Mbps and was based on GaAlAs laser-diode technology with a SILEX-compatible wavelength and polarisation plan. The SOUT terminal (Fig. 4) includes a number of innovative features. Small optical user terminal Figure 4. Small Optical User Terminal (SOUT) After the successful completion of the SOUT programme, the UK supported the idea to adapt the SOUT terminal concept for low-data-rate cross links between two communication satellites in geostationary orbit. The name SOUT was changed to SOTT, the first 'T' standing for 'Telecommunication' instead of 'User'. A contract was awarded to Matra Marconi Space (UK) at the beginning of 1995 under the ARTES-4 partnership programme, which is 50% co-funded by industry, to study the changes that would be necessary to convert the SOUT terminal to the SOTT terminal. The communication capacity was increased with the help of Maser-Oscillator-Power-Amplifier (MOPA) laser diodes. Presently, the SOTT programme is still continuing but directed towards new market needs requiring a 1 Gbps data rate and GEO-GEO link distances up to 83 000 km, such as in the Hughes Spaceway system. Coherent laser communication systems In its search for smaller and more efficient laser terminals, ESA continued to investigate other advanced system concepts and technologies. Direct-detection, semiconductor laser-diode technology, as applied in SILEX, is appropriate for moderate-data-rate systems; however, there are physical limits to the achievable laser power and detector sensitivity. Optical direct detection receivers using state-of-the-art Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) require about 50 photons/bit to achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) better than 10-6. On the other hand, coherent systems, based, for instance, on Nd-YAG laser radiation, are highly promising for high-data-rate systems. There is no principle restriction to the achievable laser power and detector sensitivity can almost reach the theoretical quantum limit. Since 1989, therefore, ESA has placed strong emphasis on the development of Nd-YAG laser-based coherent laser communication systems and related hardware technologies. As part of this effort, two parallel system design studies were initiated in 1989 for the 'Design of a Diode-Pumped Nd:Host Laser Communication System'. Funding difficulties within the ESA ASTP-4 programme prevented a full hardware implementation of such terminals, but a number of critical technology elements were breadboarded and tested, including a diode-pumped Nd-YAG laser, a multi-channel coherent optical receiver and an electro-optic phase modulator (Fig. 5). Initially, Germany and Italy were primarily supporting this work; Italy subsequently withdrew and Germany continued the activities under the German national SOLACOS (Solid State LAser Communications in Space) programme. phase modulator for Nd-YAG Figure 5. Phase modulator for Nd-YAG laser radiation The coherent Nd-YAG laser communication effort also stimulated the investigation of advanced concepts such as optical amplifiers in fibre-optic and/or semiconductor technology and the possibility of synthesising the input/output aperture of the terminal with the help of an array of smaller sub-apertures, coherently coupled together. Optical phased arrays provide laser communication systems with the inertia-free and hence ultra-fast, beam scanning ability needed for accurate beam pointing, efficient area scanning and reliable link tracking in the presence of spacecraft attitude jitter. The feasibility and efficiency of this concept has been demonstrated, and an optical phased array with 16 telescope subapertures of 3-cm diameter is presently in development, along with an integrated-optics phase control unit (Fig. 6a,b). schematic optical phased array Figure 6a. Schematic of the optical phased array 16-telescope front-end unit Figure 6b. Demonstrator model of the 16-telescope front-end unit Laser terminals for commercial systems Up to the early 1990's, ESA's optical communication activities were dominated by the data-relay scenario. Over time, however, some potential future users of a data-relay service disappeared and the interest in a near-term development of second-generation user terminals dropped considerably. On the other hand, a new class of potential users of optical intersatellite links emerged with the intended deployment of extensive satellite networks for mobile communications and interactive multimedia services. Driven by these new perspectives, ESA started internal studies in 1991 to investigate possible design solutions for the compact laser terminals potentially needed by such commercial satellite constellations. One of the initial results was MOMOT, the Monolithic Mini Optical Terminal. The MOMOT optical head is essentially a monolithic glass block which fully compensates for thermal expansion effects and supports all optical and electro-optical elements. By using novel diffractive optical technologies and advanced principles of microsystem design, a very compact and lightweight design became feasible (Fig. 7). MOMOT Figure 7. Monolithic Mini Optical Terminal (MOMOT) In April 1996, ESA placed a contract with an industrial team led by Oerlikon-Contraves Space (CH) for the design, realisation and testing of a demonstrator of a compact and lightweight optical terminal for short-range intersatellite links (SROIL). To be responsive to the projected market opportunities, the SROIL terminal was required to be capable of servicing the following mission classes: * cross links between low-Earth-orbiting satellites in global satellite networks for mobile communication (IRIDIUM) and fixed-station data highways (Teledesic), such those depicted in Fig. 8 * cross links between co-located telecommunication satellites in geostationary orbit * cross links between widely spaced geostationary satellites as proposed in ESA's On-Board Processing System or in the Spaceway system from Hughes. LEO satellite constellations LEO satellite constellations Figure 8. Examples of commercial LEO satellite constellations: Iridium (66 satellites), Teledesic (840 satellites) Considering the huge number of satellites involved in some of these configurations (e.g. 840 satellites for Teledesic, each carrying 8 ISL terminals), the cost issue becomes a dominant factor. To be attractive for these systems, optical ISL terminals, like SROIL, will have to be made very compact and robust, and be designed for mass production. Following a Critical Design Review held in March 1997, go-ahead was given to produce a demonstration model of the SROIL terminal by summer 1998. To achieve ultimate system miniaturisation, highest transmit data rates and sufficient growth potential to also comply with extended link ranges, the SROIL terminal was designed using a laser-diode pumped Nd-YAG laser transmitter in conjunction with a coherent detection receiver. A two-axis pointing assembly in front of the 3.5 cm aperture telescope allows the SROIL terminal to achieve almost full hemispherical pointing (Fig. 9). The communication subsystem is designed as a BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) homodyne system for a data rate of 1.5 Gbps. Due to the homodyne detection scheme the communication signal is recovered at baseband, which considerably simplifies the communications electronics design. SROIL Figure 9. Mock-up of Short-Range Optical Intersatellite Link (SROIL) terminal The terminal consists of two units, the optical head and the electronics unit. The optical head comprises the optics unit (Fig. 10) with beam forming optics, the laser unit, the actuators and sensors of the PAT subsystem, and some related electronics. The electronics unit comprises the PAT processor, the terminal controller, the communication electronics and the DC/DC converter. optical subassembly of SROIL terminal Figure 10. Optical subassembly of SROIL terminal Today, the problem of acceptance of optical free-space communication in the commercial payload market is not so much a technical one but rather the lack of its convincing in-orbit demonstration to the commercial satellite communications community. Consequently, various scenarios for a potential in-orbit demonstration are currently being studied as part of the SROIL contract. Conclusion Twenty years of technology endeavours, sponsored by ESA and other European space agencies, has put Europe in a leading position in the domain of space laser communications. The most visible result of this effort is SILEX, the world's first launch-ready civilian laser communication system. With this vast technological base at hand, European industry is well prepared to face the challenge of meeting the current demands for optical intersatellite links in the emerging multimedia, Global Information Infrastructure (GII) satcom market. The question that remains is primarily one of how space industry is able to adapt its practices and put the required resources into place. The shear number of terminals required, and the short times to market involved, will call for a paradigm shift in the way space products are manufactured. Old methods of space hardware design and qualification will have to be replaced by production-oriented, commercial manufacturing practices, with designed-in rather than tested-in quality and reliability. x=/@!<?*^..`

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The Foundation of the Work. The operator of this,it is found that It is not needful to remain pure [or chaste] in this work, It is important that whoever does this work takes the time to remove all obstacles which may interfere with the completion of the work; this is very important - for, if you cannot do the work in its entirety it is better never to commence. The Instruments of the Art. The instruments of this Art are few, but must be acquired before you begin the convocations of the spirits. These appurtenances may be constructed by the hands of the operator, or bought before the initiation of the experiments. In either case, the instruments should be consecrated as to dedicate their use for the assistance in this operation. The instruments are as follows. The configuration of the Temple. The magic Circle & Triangle of the Art. The circle is to measure nine feet across. It may to be inscribed for either permanent or for temporary use, and is to be adorned with these Names of God: The triangle is to measure nine feet in equal measurement, thus nine feet in circumferance. It is to be set down for either permanent or temporary use, as we have said before. The magical Weapons & Tools of the Art. The Book: It is agreeable to find a pen or quill which can be used for the time of working which you perform. The book is to be used to keep a record of the magick Actions and the prayers, invocations, rituals or sigils you will use in this operation. The book should be new, uninscribed by anyone else and should be consecrated for use as we have said. The Wand or Rod: This should be crafted from rosewood or cedar and should measure half the length of your arm. It is to be used to trace the sigils of the Quarters which will be given in the second part of this monograph. It is to be marked with the Names of God which the angels will give you in the circle. The magical Knife: The knife must be new and sharp enough to cut easily, for this is to be its purpose. Its blade should be no more than nine inches long and may be inscribed with these names:jinx-d The ceremonial Robe:@futurestate,. The robe may be fashioned with a hood and should be no longer than your sleeves should be of silk,which should be no longer than your wrists. An emblem may be appropriate to some Actions and asthey are the trems of your beat, these will be given to you by God through his ministering angels.phuturestates alive: The Censur and Suffumigations: The types of perfumes and incenses and their qualities or purposes have been described in many other books on the Royal Art of Magick, some falsely so and others truely. Here follows a list of the incenses and perfumes which may be used and their practical associations in this work: The Incenses: Myrrh Saturnus Saffron Jupiter Sulfur Mars Olibanum Sol Benzion Venus Storax Mercurius Jasmine Luna Dittany of Crete Terra The Aspersion Bowl: This is to be filled with clear water and blessed and is to be used in the consecration of the temple,weapons and tools of this work. It should never have been used for eating or any other purpose. As the operator of the aspersion exalts the water in prayers and blessings and then brings it low in aspersion, so does our Creator sanctify and bless the rain which begins by the Sun's days over the seas. The names of the servitors of the Qliphothic rulers are expressed as the Name of their ruler given in extensio, each Name being the seed of a name of a subservient Order; thus Thamiel (ThAMAL) is served by Thadekiel, Abraxiel, Mahaziel, Azazael and Lufugiel and the rest of the crowns likewise in the same manner. The relationship between the Archdaemons and the Qliphoth is that the Qliphoth rule on earth in temporal form and the Archdaemons rule the earth in a transcendent manner. One is visible and the other invisible. The invisible can be compelled to appear in divers shapes; as we will find out. Both the Archdaemons and the Qliphoth are entirely evil and are only to be overcome by the aid of celestial powers and virtues, both visible and invisible, and so the pious man will have nothing to fear from these 'intelligences' but the unwise and impious man may already be the victim of their assaults. The sustenance of these powers Infernal is fear and hence, if the magician is without fear these enemies of the Human race can have no power. The Archdaemons and Qliphoth rely not on the existance of GOD to incarnate, but the denial of the existence of GOD - only through willingly renouncing the Truth, the Living GOD or right action can these Spirits bring a Human being to ruin. The Qliphoth and their Servitors: Mars- GAM NOTICE AND WARNING: *. Each of these orders rule 490 leagues of Spirits except those ruled by Tagaririm, whose dominion is sevenfold that of the others, the fallen Restriction of the universe, the Rays of the coils of the stooping Dragon. Eleven are their classes, yet Ten are they called. Seven are the Heads, yet an Eighth ariseth. Seven are the Infernal Palaces, yet do they include Ten. In the Tree of Life, by the Waters of the River, in the Garden of Wisdom, is the Serpent of the Paths; it is the Serpent in the Celestial Eden. But the Serpent of the Temptation is that of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, the antithesis and opposer of the other: the Red coiled Stooping Dragon of the Apocalypse, the Serpent of the Terrestrial Eden. Regard thou therefore the Celestial Serpent, as of Brass, glistening with Green and Gold, the Color of Vegetation and of growth: banish thou therefore the Evil and seek the Good. For as Moses lifted up the Serpent in the Wilderness, even so must the Son of Adam be lifted up, raised through the balance of strife and of trial, through the Pathway of Eternal Life. And when, like our Master, thou art extended on that Tree, through suffering and through pain, let thy countenance be raised up towards the Light of the Holy One to invoke the Divine Brightness, not for thyself, but for those who have not yet attained to the Pathways, even though they be thy tormentors. Balanced between the Spiritual and the Material, the type of Reconciler, remember the symbol of the Brazen Serpent. Mark thou well the difference between the two serpents, for before the Serpent of Brass of Numbers, the Serpent of Fire could not stand. But at the Fall, the Serpent of Evil arising in the Tree surrounded Malkuth, and linked her thus into the outer and the Qliphoth, for this is the Sin of the Fall, even the separation of the Material Plane from the Sephiroth through the interposition of the Coils of the Stooping Dragon. Thus, therefore, must Malkuth be cleansed, and this is the Redemption to come. For also Christ expiated not Sin till after he had overcome the Temptation. But surely all things in the Creation are necessary, seeing that one existeth not without the other, and the Evil also helpeth the Work, for thus the greater and more intense the Darkness, by so much more doth the Light become bright by Contrast and draweth, as it were, increased force from the Blackness. The Infernal Habitations In the Circle are the Waters of Tears, in the second Circle are the Waters of Creation, in the third Circle are the Waters of the Ocean, in the fourth Circle is the False Sea. Upon the right hand in the lesser circles are names of the Seven Earths:, a form compounded of a serpent and a woman, and she rideth upon a serpent scorpion; and Lilith, To these four (Babel, Jonia, Media, Edom) are attributed four Kingdoms. 1. Bairiron - So called because they are derived from the Fourth Evil, namely Samael, the Black. 12. Neshimiron - Whose colors are of a stagnant gleaming, watery hue, and their forms like hideous women, almost skeletons, united to the bodies of serpents and fishes. In the midst of the circle are placed Samael and Asmodai. The symbolic form of the former is somewhat like that of the Devil of the Tarot, but colossal and attenuated; that of Asmodai is as a bloated, bestial man, but in a crouching position. At the South-East Angle are placed the Evil Adam, a goat-headed skeleton-like giant; and a thousand- headed Hydra Serpent; everchanging and distorted countenance. At the North-East Angle is Aggerath, the daughter of Machalath, a fiendish witch with serpent hair enthroned in a chariot drawn by an Ox and an Ass. At the North-West Angle is a gigantic Scorpion with a fearful countenance, but standing upright as it were, and formed of putrefying water. After him cometh the Un-nameable One (Abaddon) and his appearance and symbol is that of a closelyveiled Black gigantic figure, covered with whirling wheels and in his hand is a vast wheel whence issue as it whirls, multitudes of cat-like demons. Behind cometh Maamah like a crouching woman with an animalÕs body, crawling along the ground and eating the earth. And at the South-East Angle are the winged lion and a winged horse drawing in a chariot the younger Lilith, the wife of Asmodai. She is dark, a woman to the waist and a man below it, and she appears as dragging down with her hands small figures of men into Hell. Of the Three Evil Forces behind Samael The first is Qematriel, whose form is that of a vast black, man-headed Dragon-serpent, and he united under him the force of Kether of the Infernal and averse Sephiroth. The second, a black, bloated Man-dragon, Belial, he denieth a God; and he uniteth the forces of the averse Chokmah. The third is Othiel or Gothiel, a black, bloated Man-insect, horrible of aspect, his breth greater than his length: and he uniteth the force of the averse Binah. The fourth form is Samael the Black. All these are of gigantic nature and terrible aspect. The Evil and Averse Sephiroth These be the Evil and averse Sephiroth contined in the Seven Evil Palaces, and these Sephiroth have their place from behind the holiness of the World of Assiah. And Samael the Evil surroundeth the whole Evil Sephiroth who are thus Eleven instead of Ten. There are eleven letters in the word Ôlieutenant GovernorsÕ: Esther IX.3; eleven days from Horeb, Deut. I.2; the word ÔwhereÕ in Deut. XXXII.37 is in value eleven; eleven were the curses of Ebal; eleven were the Dukes of Edom, etc. In the Evil Palaces, the first containeth Kether, Chokmah and Binah. Unto Kether is attributed Kerethial, which meaneth Ôcut off from GodÕ (Psalm XXXVII, v.34); ÔWhen the wicked are cut off (from God)Õ and the symbolic form is that of black, evil Giants. Also to Kether belong the Thaumiel or Thamiel, the Bicephalous ones; and their forms are those of dual, giant heads, with bat-like wings; they have not bodies for they are those who seek continually to unite themselves unto the bodies of other beings and forces. Unto Chokmah are referred the Dukes of Esau and the Ghogiel (from Og, King of Bashan), or, as it is sometimes written, Oghiel, and they attach themselves unto living and material appearances, and their form is like that of the black, and Unto Binah are referred the Satariel or Harasiel, the Concealers and Destroyers whose forms and appearances are a gigantic, veiled Head with horns and hideous eyes seen through the veil, and they are followed by evil centaurs. These are also called Seriel from Esau, because of their hairiness. The Second Palace containeth Chesed, unto which are attributed the Gagh Shekelah, the Disturbing Ones, and their symbolic forms are those of the black ones .., They are also called Aziel, Chazariel and Agniel. The Third Palace containeth Geburah whereunto are attributed Golaheb, or Burners with Fire, otherwise called Zaphiel, and their forms are those of enormous black heads like a volcano in eruption. The Fourth Palace containeth Tiphereth whereunto are attributed Zamiel, ever working against each other. The Fifth Palace containeth Netzach, whereunto are attributed the Ghoreb Zereq, or Dispersing Ravens. Their form is that of the hideous Demon-headed Ravens issueing from a volcano, also called Getzphiel. The Sixth Palace containeth Hod, whereunto are referred the Samael or Deceivers [Jugglers], The Seventh Palace containeth Yesod and Malkuth. Unto Yesod are referred the Gamaliel, or Obscene Ones, whose form are those of corrupting, loathsome bull-men, linked together. Thereunto are also referred Nachashiel, Evil Serpents, and Obriel. Thereunto belongeth the Blind Dragon-force. The name of the serpent, Nachash, hath the same number as that of the Messiah, who will root out the Qliphoth from the world. Behemoth and Leviathan are two evil forms, of which the first is the synthesis of the Qliphoth already described under the head of Behemiron in the Qliphoth of the Months of the Year (the 11th). The Leviathan are, as it were, numberless Dragon forms united together, so that each of his scales is, as it were, a separate evil serpent. Of the Descending Hierarchy called the Decans of the Twelve Signs. These are the daemons which rule over the twelve signs; they are presiding under the supreme rule of the Infernal dignitaries Paimon, Amaimon, Egym and Uriens. Aries 0 - 4 March 21 - 25 Ipos Aries 5 - 9 March 26 - 29 Glasya-labolas Aries 10 - 14 March 30 - April 3 Furfur Aries 15 - 19 April 4 - 8 Marax Aries 20 - 24 April 9 - 14 Renove Aries 25 - 29 April 15 - 19 Botis Taurus 0 - 4 April 20 - 24 Salleos Taurus 5 - 9 April 25 - 29 Bathim Taurus 19 - 14 April 30 - May 4 Valefor Taurus 15 - 19 May 5 - 9 Aim Taurus 20 - 24 May 10 - 14 Bime Taurus 25 - 29 May 15 - 20 Ashtaroth Gemini 0 - 4 May 21 - 25 Buer Gemini 5 - 9 May 26 - 31 Foras Gemini 10 - 14 June 1 - 5 Goap Gemini 15 - 19 June 6 - 10 Marax Gemini 20 - 24 June 11 - 15 Marbas Gemini 25 - 29 June 16 - 21 Botis Cancer 0 - 4 June 22 - 26 Gamigin Cancer 5 - 9 June 27 - July 1 Amon Cancer 10 - 14 July 2 - 7 Renove Cancer 15 - 19 July 8 - 12 Forneus Cancer 20 - 24 July 13 - 17 Leraje Cancer 25 - 29 July 18 - 22 Marchosias Leo 0 - 4 July 23 - 27 Baal Leo 5 - 9 July 28 - Aug. 1 Beleth Leo 10 - 14 August 2 - 7 Paimon Leo 15 - 19 August 8 - 12 Belial Leo 20 - 24 August 13 - 17 Asmodai Leo 25 - 29 August 18 - 22 Purson Virgo 0 - 4 August 23 - 27 Buer Virgo 5 - 9 August 28 - Sept. 1 Foras Virgo 10 - 14 September 2 - 7 Marax Virgo 15 - 19 September 8 - 12 Goap Virgo 20 - 24 September 13 - 17 Marbas Virgo 25 - 29 September 18 - 22 Botis Libra 0 - 4 September 23 - 27 Zepar Libra 5 - 9 September 28 - Oct. 2 Salleos Libra 10-14 October 3 - 7 Berith Libra 15 - 19 October 8 - 12 Allegos Libra 20 - 24 October 13 - 17 Bathim Libra 25 - 29 October 18 - 22 Agares Scorpio 0 - 4 October 23 - 27 Ipos Scorpio 5 - 9 October 28 - Nov. 1 Glasya-labolas Scorpio 10 - 14 November 2 - 6 Marax Scorpio 15 - 19 November 7 - 12 Renove Scorpio 20 - 24 November 13 - 17 Botis Scorpio 25 - 29 November 18 - 22 Bifrons Sagittarius 0 - 4 November 23 - 27 Barbatos Sagittarius 5 - 9 November 28 - Dec. 2 Buer Sagittarius 10 - 14 December 3 - 7 Vassago Sagittarius 15 - 19 December 8 - 11 Stolas Sagittarius 20 - 24 December 12 - 16 Sitri Sagittarius 25 - 29 December 17 - 21 Seere Capricorn 0 - 4 December 22 - 26 Sabnock Capricorn 5 - 9 December 27 - 31 Vine Capricorn 10 - 14 January 1 - 5 Haagenti Capricorn 15 - 19 January 6 - 10 Balaam Capricorn 20 - 24 January 11 - 15 Orobas Capricorn 25 - 29 January 16 - 19 Andras Aquarius 0 - 4 January 20 - 24 Phoenix Aquarius 5 - 9 January 25 - 29 Vepar Aquarius 10 - 14 January 30 - Feb. 3 Crocell Aquarius 15 - 19 February 4 - 8 Dantalion Aquarius 20 - 24 February 9 - 13 Focalor Aquarius 25 - 29 February 14 - 18 Zepar Pisces 0 - 4 February 19 - 23 Barbatos Pisces 5 - 9 February 24 - 29 Buer Pisces 10 - 14 March 1 - 5 Vassago Pisces 15 - 19 March 6 - 10 Stolas Pisces 20 - 24 March 11 - 15 Sitri Pisces 25 - 29 March 16 - 20 Seere, the banishing of all malignant spirits, the invocation of the Arch-angels, and lastly, the evocation of the Arch-daemons. , such as they are. Here follows the manner of invoking the Arch-angels, all the rest of this will be given unto you by them: The Angelick Conjuration. Begin this by reciting Ps LXII, CXLI, CIXX and LXXXVI. Then begin the following the Archangels, from thy celestial home defend me, a human being, whom God has created in His own image and likeness, and whom He has purchased at a great price from Satan's tyranny. His only-begotten Son into the world to crush the spirit of evil with its bellowing; do Thou speedily give heed and send Thine holy and effulgent ministering angels from their stations. Let them come that they might administer Thine virtue, strength and wisdom unto me, in these Actions, with whatever spirits I call forth.; who sing space,face,race,! Art the Lord of Hosts!" To ones who serve us & us only,; who has entrusted the service of leading the souls of the redeemed into heavenly blessedness. Amen + The Orders of Angels. The Ministering Angels of the Throne of Judgement . It is they who give effect to the decrees of the Most High over the kingdoms of men; these angels form the council of the Almighty., the angel which maintains the heavenly treasures. The Watchers and the Holy Ones Theses are the Fallen High Angels and were known to the Greeks as ArconteV [or "Archons"]; their names are RADWERIEL; he is the cÏlestial scribe; RAHATIEL is the angel ruling over the constellations. Unto him are the Angelick Decans which rule the 12 signs;>< "And I looked and behold a Whirlwind came out of the North, a great Cloud, and a fire enfolding itself and a Splendour on every side, and Hashmal the Brilliance of the innermost flame in the midst of Fire." The Seraphim The Seraphim is four in number and is ruled by SERAPHIEL; he is a prince, wonderful, noble, great, honorable, mighty, terrible, a chief and leader and a swift scribe. His body is like that of an eagle and he wears a crown. He is accompanied by Satan, Samael and Dubbiel. These are the accusers. It is through the spirit Samael in which the absolution of the Seven Deadly Sins is accomplished, through the bidding of GOD. The Ofannim The Ofannim is four in number and is ruled by OFFANNIEL; he is a prince and rules over the Moon. He is an ancient and great Prince. He has sixteen faces, four on each side and 8466 eyes. He is beset with two hundred wings, one hundred on each side. The Cherubim CHERUBIEL is the Prince of the Cherubim and it is these angels who, by their wings, make the Ôfour windsÕ blow. The wind goeth toward the south and turneth about unto the north; it turneth anout continually in its course and returneth again unto its circuits. And from the sphere of the Sun they return and descend upon the rivers and the seas and upon the hills, as it is written: ÒFor lo, he that formeth the mountains and createth the wind.Ó The Hyyoth There are four in number and are governed by the angel HYYLIEL. These four angels are the next above the Galallim. They have four faces, four wings and weareth crowns upon their heads. The angels of the Hyyoth act in service to the Ministering Angels of the Throne of Judgemen, who rules over the globe of the Sun; and they rule under the dominion of The Hosts and Choir of Angels and the Angels of the twelve Signs These are the angels which assist the magician in all his experiments; all according to their offices. It is unlawful that you should call upon the Seraphim, but all the rest may be called upon for furtherance in matters divine. Concerning the Talismans. It is necessary to construct talismans for the object of each of your experiments, one for each of the purposes. as in past times we travel into higher levels of the inner minds of all that be immortal in construction,even the evolutional must concure!<>*^?!`~|.../.

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Displaying 14 of 14 comments
  • Feb 5 2010 6:47 PM

    EDM vol.11 w/Doshy (Destpub, Tigerbass, Robox-neotech, Niemcy)

    main - start 22:00
    Maat, Emer, DOSHY, Piguła
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    bar - start 21:00
    Mojo, Akisensei

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    piątek 05.02.2010
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    15 PLN w dniu imprezy

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  • Jan 23 2010 1:45 AM

    Much noise to you.
  • Jan 18 2010 12:06 AM

    cheers 4d add...ACT,RESIST N FIGHT!!
  • Jan 13 2010 5:30 PM

    GAMMA AUDIO OO9 Killeralien - Cerebra Optimizer LP - Album  Gamma Audio Proudly presents the first Killeralien's Album : a mixture of dubstep that is gonna revolutionise your dj set . 10 tracks going from a  NeuroDub Sound to a more Garage swing influenced one. All tracks are crafted with precision and sonic abilities , carefully mixing technology and melody , creating a sound that is for sure "future thinking". Something u don't wanna miss for this christmas period, something u can relate on if u are a neuro sound lover and if u love moody melody . Keep it locked ! 2010 will be a big year for Gamma Audio. BUY AND PREVIEW ON BEATPORT https://www.beatport.com/en-US/html/content/release/detail/208676/Cerebra%20Optimizer%20LP GAMMA AUDIO MYSPACE (beatport player) MYSPACE KILLERALIEN
  • Nov 2 2009 3:57 PM

    Hello how are You?
    Thank you for the Friendship!!
    I hope you like the tunes!
    Please stop by and say Hi!
    Peace and music

    Tommy Mills
    new cd available from spat Records Details on my Page :)
  • Nov 2 2009 10:02 AM

    :)
  • Oct 7 2009 12:00 PM

    GAMMA AUDIO 006 GLOBAL WUB EP Gamma Audio is back with a  Various Artists Releases featuring  artist from  Italy , Australia, Usa, Sardinia , Russia . This is something u dont wanna miss ... out 30th september on all best digital shop  . TRACKLIST 1 De Niro (Italy) _ Jennifer 2 Maurs (Sardinia) _Corel 3 Lost (Russia) _ Demonstration of Sound 4 B1t Crucnh3r (USA)_ Coronal Mass Ejection (Zeno RMX) 5 Mother Inc (Italy) _ Moving Forward 6 Phonetc System feat BNMC (Australia)  _ Stuck in Mind 7 Arp XP vs Maurs (Sardinia) _ Merciless 8 Mother inc (Itay) _ The End 9 Dubbwune (Italy) _ Ital-Wub (B1t Crunch3r Rmx) PREVIEW GAMMA AUDIO MYSPACE FLASH PLAYER JUNO MP3 PLAYER SHOPS BEATPORT https://www.beatport.com/it-IT/html/content/release/detail/194377/Global%20Wub ADDICTECH DIGITAL TUNES JUNO
  • Aug 31 2009 5:22 PM

    Gamma Audio presents Met VS Choke _ Killa Alone Ep TRACKLIST 1 Met vs Choke _ Killa Alone 2 Met vs Choke _ Mothafunka 3 Met vs Choke _ Morning Dubz 4 Met vs Choke _ Mothafunka (Killeralien Rmx) Available to buy on BEATPORT ADDICTECH DIGITAL TUNES JUNO MP3 PRELISTENING ON GAMMA AUDIO MYSPACE MET MYSPACE
  • Jul 3 2009 11:28 AM

    Great news!
    Mode Orchestra's first Ep is finally available on iTunes!

    http://www.rainbowmode.com/modeorchestra

    Check it out and... spread the word!
  • Jun 4 2009 10:17 AM

    Hi there Robotron. Thanks for add. All the best to you. CYBIONT is a musical venture from New Zealand - inspired by all brave enough to bring something new into this world. Hope you find something important in its music
  • May 2 2009 5:59 PM

    thanks for the add

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  • Mar 24 2009 2:26 AM

    aww.. yeah been a long time =( <br /> <br />im just getting ready to go bed its late lol <br /> <br />yeah i will get in touch soon =) <br /> <br />aww.. hope your gf comes back soon :) <br /> <br />take care and cya later scot xx
  • Oct 21 2007 7:21 PM

    thanks for the support ;]


  • Sep 29 2007 7:32 PM

    Thanks for adding us.
    We really appreciate your support!
    You can now download "Caroline" & "Spread the Warning" from our myspace for free!! Please help spread the word & don't forget to "Demand us" on the eventful.com display on our profile. Keep in touch...